347 ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi engagqwali Ubukhulu begazi le-venous noma le-capillary, eliqondene ngqo ne-SARS-CoV-2, izimpendulo ze-T-cell zinquma ukungatheleleki ku-COVID-19.

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347 insimbi engagqwali ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube Chemical Composition

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ye-stainless steel 347 coil tube imi kanje:
- Ikhabhoni – 0.030% ubuningi
- I-Chromium - 17-19%
I-Nickel - 8-10.5%
IManganese – 1% ubuningi

I-Stainless Steel 347 I-Coil Tube Mechanical Properties

Ngokusho komkhiqizi we-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube, Mechanical Properties ye-347 Coil Tube:
- Amandla Okuqina (psi) - 75,000 min
- Amandla Okukhiqiza (psi) - 30,000 min
- Ubude (% ku-2″) - 25% min
- Ukuqina kweBrinell (BHN) - 170 max

Izicelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube

• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetshenziswa kuShukela Mills.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetshenziswa Kumanyolo.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetshenziswa embonini.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetshenziswa ezitshalweni zikagesi.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetshenziswa Ekudleni naseDangeni.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube esetshenziswa ku-Oil and Gas Plant.
• I-Stainless Steel 347 Coil Tube Manufacturer esetshenziswa ku-ShipBuilding Industry.

Amaseli e-T aqondene ne-SARS-CoV-2 kucatshangwa ukuthi avikela ekuthelelekeni nasekuqhubekeleni phambili kwe-COVID-19, kodwa abukho ubufakazi obuqondile balokhu.Lapha, siqhathanise izilinganiso zegazi eliphelele lamaseli e-SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ positive anemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuxilonga ye-COVID-19 (PCR kanye/noma ukugeleza kwe-lateral) phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 zokuqoqwa kwegazi lika-Lian.Phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abayi-148 abanikele ngamasampula egazi le-venous, ubukhulu be-SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell impendulo babuphezulu kakhulu kulabo abahlala bevikelekile kunalabo ababethelelekile (P <0.0001).% ingozi yokutheleleka, kuyilapho ukuqina okuphezulu kwehlise le ngozi yaba ngu-5.4%.Le miphumela yenziwa ngokujwayelekile kubahlanganyeli abengeziwe be-299 abahlole ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-capillary okungase kube lula ukufinyelela kudatha ye-T-cell immunity yezinga labantu (14.9% vs. 4.4%).Ngakho-ke, ukukalwa kwamaseli e-T aqondene ngqo ne-SARS-CoV-2 kungabikezela ubungozi bokutheleleka futhi kufanele kuhlolwe lapho kubhekwa isimo sokuzivikela komzimba somuntu siqu neseningi.
Ukulinganisa nokuqonda impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ekuthelelekeni kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa amasu asebenzayo esikhathi esizayo okunciphisa imithelela yezempilo yomphakathi kanye nezomnotho ngokuqubuka kwe-COVID-19 okuzayo.Ukuhlonzwa kwama-immune correlates kuzohlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthambekela kwenani labantu ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane, ngokunokwenzeka isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokulaliswa esibhedlela okuphezulu, futhi kuphinde kuvumele abantu ukuthi bazilawulele mathupha ubungozi bokutheleleka kanye nobungozi bokuthelela abanye.Ukubhekwa kwamasosha omzimba kubonakale kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwemithi yokugomela i-COVID-19 ezigulini ezinempilo nezisengozini enkulu1,2,3 ikakhulukazi eziguquguqukayo ze-SARS-CoV-24, futhi ukutholakala kwe-immunocompromised kuzosho isidingo sokuthuthukisa I-Immunity Thola ukugonywa futhi uvimbele. ukuqubuka kwesikhathi esizayo .
Izinga lokungavikeleki komuntu ekuthelelekeni nge-SARS-CoV-2 lincike ezicini eziningi: umthamo wegciwane ngesikhathi sokuchayeka, ukwahlukahlukana kwegciwane, ubudala, ukugoma kwangaphambilini/isimo sokutheleleka, izifo ezihlangene, imishanguzo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukutheleleka nge-anti-SARS-CoV. .2 ukusabela okuguquguqukayo kokuzivikela komzimba kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuchayeka kugciwane5.Ukuhlolwa kokusabela kokuzivikela komzimba ekuthelelekeni kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kanye/noma ukugoma kugxile ekuhlolweni kwe-serological okulinganisa ubukhona bamasosha omzimba aqondene nephrotheni yesakhiwo (isb. i-spike glycoprotein).Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwamasosha omzimba kukodwa akunqumi ngokunembile impendulo yokuzivikela evikelayo, njengoba izimpendulo zincipha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi6 kanye nokuncishiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-SARS-CoV-2 ekululameni noma ekugonyweni kabili kwabantu Umsebenzi obuthakathaka, ongaholela enkingeni enkulu. inani lezifo eziqhamukayo7.Ngempela, ukuvikela ngokumelene ne-COVID-19 eyizimpawu ebangelwa ukwahluka kwe-Omicron (B.1.1.529) kwehle kwaya cishe ku-10% ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-4-6 kuphela zokugonyelwa i-mRNA, nakuba ukuvikelwa esifeni esinzima kwaqhubeka >68% okungenani izinyanga ezingu-78.Ukulinganisa izimpendulo zamaseli e-T enkumbulo eguquguqukayo, ezinikeza isivikelo sesikhathi eside ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane, kuyinkomba engcono kakhulu yokungenwa kalula yi-SARS-CoV-2, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuyinkomba engcono yengozi yokuhlolelwa i-COVID-199, njengoba i-T ethize. amaseli angavimbela ukutheleleka.ngaphandle kwe-seroconversion10,11.Kodwa-ke, ukukalwa kwezimpendulo ze-T cell kuthole ukunakwa okuncane ngenxa yobunzima bendlela yokusebenza kanye nezinkinga zokuhlela ekutholeni nasekuthutheni amasampula egazi le-venous, ikakhulukazi lapho kwenziwa izifundo zokubheka ezinkulu ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza komgomo nokuqapha ukungatheleleki.Kodwa-ke, abantu abagonyiwe bakhombisa ukusebenza okuqinile kwe-T cell ngokumelene nezinhlobonhlobo ze-SARS-CoV-2, okungenzeka ukuthi kuqede ukulahleka kokusebenza kabusha kwe-antibody ukuze kukhawulwe ubukhali be-COVID-1912,13.
Lapha, besifuna ukuqonda ukuthi isilinganiso esisodwa se-SARS-CoV-2 T cell impendulo singabikezela ubungozi obuphelele bokutheleleka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 zokuthatha amasampula egazi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezithinta amasosha omzimba.Ukuze senze ukuhlolwa kwe-T cell kusebenze kakhulu futhi kusebenze ezifundweni ezinkulu, siphinde sazama ukwenza uhlolo lube luncane ukuze lwenziwe kusetshenziswa isampula yegazi le-capillary fingerstick.
Silinganise ukusabela kokuzivikela komzimba kwamaselula kanye namahlaya kubanikeli abanempilo sisebenzisa ukutholwa okuhlanganisiwe kwamaseli e-SARS-CoV-2 T nama-IgG amasosha omzimba asuselwa egazini eligcwele le-venous (ngezici zombambiqhaza, bona Mashi 2022 14. Kubanikeli abagonyiwe, i-SARS-CoV-2- izimpendulo ezithile ze-T -cellular zanqunywa ngokulinganisa amazinga e-plasma interferon-γ (IFN-γ) alandela ukugqugquzelwa kwegazi lonke nge-SARS-CoV-2 peptide (njengangaphambili, i-refs. 14,15,16,17,18) kanye nezimpendulo ze-IgG ezihambisanayo. nge-nucleocapsid (N) yanda kulabo ababike ukutheleleka kwangaphambilini, nakuba zombili izimpendulo zaziphakeme kubanikeli abangagonyiwe ngaphambilini ababethelelekile, inani eliphakeme kakhulu emzimbeni (Fig. 1a,b) Izimpendulo ze-IgG ngokumelene nama-spike glycoprotein (RBD, S1, S2) ayephezulu kwabanikelayo ababegonywe ngaphambilini (Umfanekiso 1c–e).
izimpendulo ze-SARS-CoV-2-Specific IFN-γ+ T cell zikalwe ngokuhlolwa kwegazi eligcwele i-venous futhi ngokusekelwe ekugonyweni kwabahlanganyeli kanye nesimo sangaphambili sokutheleleka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 (okuqinisekiswe yi-PCR kanye/noma ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral)' Vac + /Inf +' n = 60 (green), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 82 (blue), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 4 (ophuzi), 'Vac-/Inf-' n = 1 (ayisetshenziswanga).Ukusabela okubophezelayo kwe-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG kuqondise ku-nucleocapsid (“N”) (b; ****P <0.0001, **P = 0.0016), isizinda esibopha i-receptor-spiked (“RBD”) (c; ** P = 0.0022, *P < 0.015), iyunithi ye-spike 1 (“S1”) (d; ***P = 0.0005, *(Vac + /Inf+ vs. Vac + /Inf-) P = 0.022, *(Vac- /Inf+ vs. Vac+/Inf-) P = 0.012) kanye neyunithi ephakeme engu-2 (“S2”) (e) ikalwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi eligcwele i-venous futhi ngokusekelwe ekugomeni komhlanganyeli kanye ne-SARS -CoV-2 yangaphambili (eqinisekiswe yi-PCR kanye/ noma ukuhlolwa kwe-lateral flow) isimo esithathelwanayo.'Vac + /Inf +' n = 60 (green), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 71-82 (blue), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 4 (yellow).Ukuqhathanisa kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-Kruskal-Wallis, okulungiselwe ukuqhathanisa okuningi kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kuka-Dunn.Idatha iboniswa njengamashadi (umugqa omaphakathi ku-median, umkhawulo ophezulu ku-75th percentile, umkhawulo ophansi ku-25th percentile) ngamadevu amanani amancane naphezulu.Ichashazi ngalinye limelela onikelayo.Idatha eluhlaza inikezwa ngohlobo lwamafayela edatha eluhlaza.
Ngemva kokuthatha amasampula egazi, ababambiqhaza bacelwa ukuba bazibike bona banayo i-PCR kanye/noma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral ye-COVID-19;uma ababambiqhaza kutholakala ukuthi bane-HIV phakathi komhla lu-1 Septhemba 2021 kanye no-29 Disemba 2021, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi bangenwe yi-Delta (B.1.617.2) ehlukile ye-coronavirus kanye ne-Omicron (B.1.1.529) ku-Public Health Wales ngemva komhla zingama-29 kuZibandlela 2021, lapho le nketho yokukhathazeka iba namandla.Kubanikeli abalinganiselwa ku-148, sibone izinga lokutheleleka okungama-26.3% (39/148) phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 zokunikela ngegazi, abangama-38 kubo bathola umthamo wesibili noma wesithathu womgomo we-COVID-19 (ukuphumelela kokutheleleka kwenzeke ngemva kwe-Pfizer/BioNTech ( I-BNT162b2) umgomo we-mRNA noma umgomo we-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19));nomnikeli ongagonyiwe naye wangenwa yilesi sifo.Ubukhulu bezimpendulo ze-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ-positive T cell bebuphansi kakhulu kulabo ababike ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kwe-COVID-19 kunakubanikeli abangenalo igciwane (P <0.0001; Fig. 2a), ikakhulukazi ngenxa Ukungeniswa okuphelele kwezimpendulo ze-T cell ngokugoma kwabanye ababambiqhaza (P = 0.050; I-Supplementary Fig. 1).Kwakungekho ukuhlobana phakathi kobukhulu bempendulo yeseli ye-IFN-γ+ T kanye nesikhathi somphumela wokuhlolwa one-COVID-19 (Umfanekiso Owengeziwe 2).Ngokuphambene, izimpendulo ze-IgG ezibophezela i-RBD-, S1-, S2-binding IgG (Izibalo 2b–d) noma i-RBD-, izimpendulo ze-antibody ezingathathi hlangothi ze-S1 zaziqondile kuhlobo lwasendle noma i-delta SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617).) (I-Supplementary Fig. 3) ingahlukanisa phakathi kwabantu abasengozini yokutheleleka.Nokho, izimpendulo eziphansi ze-IgG ezixhunywe ku-N ngokumelene ne-SARS-CoV-2 zihlobene nobungozi bokutheleleka nge-COVID-19 (P = 0.0084; Umfanekiso 2e);labo abahlolwe ukuthi bane-HIV babe mancane amathuba angama-85% (P = 0.00035; NOMA 0.15, 95).% CI: 0.047–0.39 (Umfanekiso Owengeziwe 4).
Amasampula egazi le-venous avela kubanikeli abanempilo (n = 148) ahlole izimpendulo ze-SARS-CoV-2 eziqondene ne-IFN-γ+ T-cell (a; ****P <0.0001) kanye nokubophezela kwe-Spike receptor ku-SARS-CoV ethile. -2 isikhuthazo.isizinda (“RBD”) (b), iyunithi encane ye-spike 1 (“S1″) (c), iyunithi encane ye-spike 2 (“S2″) (d), kanye ne-nucleocapsid (“N”) (e; **P = 0.0084) .Abahlanganyeli abahlolelwe i-COVID-19 (PCR kanye/noma ukugeleza kwangemuva) bakhonjiwe;zonke izifo zenzeka phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 zokuthatha amasampula egazi.Ukuqhathanisa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kweMann-Whitney enemisila emibili.Idatha iboniswa njengamashadi (umugqa omaphakathi ku-median, umkhawulo ophezulu ku-75th percentile, umkhawulo ophansi ku-25th percentile) ngamadevu amanani amancane naphezulu.Ichashazi ngalinye limelela onikelayo.ns ayibalulekile.I-heatmap f ibonisa ukuhlobana kwezinga lika-Spearman phakathi kokuhluka kwedathasethi eshiwo.Ukuqhathanisa obekungabalulekile ngokwezibalo akuzange kufakwe ku-matrix futhi kumakwe ngamaseli angenalutho.Idatha eluhlaza inikezwa ngohlobo lwamafayela edatha eluhlaza.
Ukunqunywa okuhleliwe kokuxilonga kokungu-14 kubhekwe njengokungafaneleki ukuhlola ubungozi bokutheleleka kabusha, ngakho-ke ububanzi be-interquartile basungulwa ukuze kusungulwe imingcele yengozi ephelele.Imodeli yezibalo, ehlanganisa kuphela okuguquguqukayo okube nomthelela omkhulu emiphumeleni, ibonise ukuthi ubukhulu be-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T cell impendulo bekuyi-biomarker ye-immune ebaluleke kakhulu yokunquma amathuba omuntu okuba ihlolelwe i-COVID.-19 okuhle (Umfanekiso 2f kanye nomfanekiso ongeziwe wesi-4).Iziguli ezinempendulo yeseli ye-SARS-CoV-2 ethize ye-IFN-γ+ T kwesesithathu (194-489 pg/ml IFN-γ) neyesine (>489 pg/ml IFN-γ) i-quartiles engu-65% (P = 0.055; NOMA 0.35, 95% CI: 0.11–1.00) kanye no-90% (P = 0.0050; NOMA 0.098, 95% CI: 0.014–0.42) babe nabahlanganyeli abaningi.Amathuba mancane (Supplementary Fig. 4).Sekukonke, ababambiqhaza abane-SARS-CoV-2 ethize ye-T cell impendulo evela egazini le-venous ≤79 pg/mL IFN-γ babe nengozi engu-43.2% yokutheleleka ngegciwane ezinyangeni eziyisi-6, uma kuqhathaniswa nempendulo>489 pg/mL.ml we-IFN-γ ube nengozi yokutheleleka kwe-5.4% (ithebula 2).
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi eligcwele i-venous kunqunyelwe endaweni ngenxa yesidingo sokuqoqwa kwesampula yi-phlebotomist.Ukuze kwandiswe ukutholakala kokuhlolwa kwe-T cell kanye ne-IgG ye-SARS-CoV-2, enye indlela yokusampula yegazi ye-capillary yenziwe ukuze kuvunyelwe ababambiqhaza ukuthi bathole amasampula egazi ngomunwe ekhaya.Ngokolwazi lwethu olungcono kakhulu, ayizange ibe khona imibiko yangaphambilini mayelana nokukalwa komsebenzi we-T cell okukhethekile kuma-capillary blood samples.Ukuhlobana okuqinile kuye kwaboniswa ngaphambilini phakathi kwezibalo ze-lymphocyte ezitholwe kusetshenziswa amasampula egazi le-capillary ne-venous.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubikwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuphelele okusekelwe egazini okukala izimpendulo ze-T cell ezithize ze-SARS-CoV-2 zisebenzisa kuphela u-320 μL wegazi le-venous, 20 eqeda ukukhathazeka mayelana nemvamisa yamaseli e-progenitor T kumasampula egazi le-capillary.
Sisebenzise lesi sivivinyo sokusebenzisana esisezingeni eliphezulu samaseli e-SARS-CoV-2 T kanye namasosha omzimba e-IgG asuselwa egazini le-capillary ukukala ukusabela kokuzivikela komzimba kwamaselula kanye namahlaya kubahlanganyeli abane-comorbidities ehlukahlukene kanye nesimo sangaphambili sokugoma/ukutheleleka (Ithebula 1).aqashwe kulo lonke elase-UK phakathi komhlaka-24 Januwari no-14 Mashi 202214. Iningi (90.9%) lamasampula eminwe atholwe ngendlela efanele futhi athunyelwa elabhorethri kungakapheli amahora angama-24 eqoqwe.Kwezinye izimo, amasampuli atholwe phakathi kwamahora angu-48 wokudonsa igazi, kodwa awekho kulawa masampuli aphumelele ukuhlolwa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi futhi awazange athinte izilinganiso ze-T cell noma i-antibody (I-Supplementary Fig. 5).Nakuba bekunomehluko kubukhulu be-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T cell impendulo elinganiswa ngamasampula egazi e-capillary kanye ne-venous kwabanye abantu, awukho umehluko obalulekile uwonke (P = 0.88; I-Fig. 6 Eyengeziwe ).).
Izimpendulo zamaseli e-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T zenyuswe kakhulu kubantu abagonyiwe abaphinde babika ukutheleleka kwangaphambilini (P = 0.0001), kodwa hhayi phezulu kakhulu kunakwabanikelayo ababengagonyiwe ngaphambili (P = 0.19, Fig. 3a).).Izimpendulo ze-IgG ngokumelene ne-spike glycoprotein (RBD, S1, S2) zaziphakeme kakhulu kubanikeli abagonyiwe kunakubanikeli abangagonyiwe, kungakhathaliseki isimo sangaphambili sokutheleleka (Umfanekiso 3b-d).Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi impendulo ye-N-bound ye-IgG ye-N yayiphakeme kakhulu kubahlanganyeli abangagonyiwe ngaphambilini uma kuqhathaniswa nabahlanganyeli ababegonyiwe, nakuba lokhu kungazange kufinyelele ukubaluleka (Umfanekiso 3e).Phakathi kwabanikeli abangagonyiwe nabangenalo igciwane abazishoyo, ababambiqhaza abangu-15 kwabangu-37 (40.5%) babenethemba le-N-linked IgG, ngaphezu komkhawulo osungulwe ngaphambilini we-2.0 BAU/mL14;laba ababambiqhaza be-15 Abayishumi nambili balezi ziguli bahlolwe ukuthi bane-IFN-γ+ T cell impendulo ngaphezu komkhawulo osungulwe ngaphambilini we-22.7 pg/mL IFN-γ14.Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi laba bahlanganyeli bake bangenwa yi-SARS-CoV-2 ngaphambilini futhi abazange bahlolelwe i-COVID-19 ngenxa yokuzikhethela komuntu siqu, ukuntuleka kwe-PCR kanye/noma okokusebenza okugeleza kwe-lateral, noma babengenayo i-symptomatic.Nakuba bekukhona ukuhlobana okubalulekile phakathi kwezimpendulo zamaseli e-T kumazinga e-IFN-γ+ kanye ne-N-axhumene ne-IgG kubanikeli abangagonyiwe (P = 0.0044; Umfanekiso Owengeziwe, impendulo ye-IgG exhunywe ku-N yehle ngokushesha kunempendulo ye-IgG exhunywe ku-N, kuyilapho i-IFN-γ + Izimpendulo zamaseli e-T zagcinwa kungakhathaliseki isimo sokugoma, nakuba inani labanikeli emasontweni angu-50 ngemva kokuphonselwa inselelo laliphansi (I-Supplementary Fig. 8). amaseli namaseli ahlobene ne-RBD, nakuba ababambiqhaza abathole imithamo emibili ye-BNT162b2 elandelwa yi-mRNA1273 revaccination babonise amazinga aphezulu kakhulu amaseli e-IFN-γ + T ayezwela kakhulu ku-SARS-CoV-2 kunalabo abathole imithamo emibili ye-ChAdOx1 kanye ne-BNT162b2 (Isengezo. Umdwebo we-9) Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-comorbidities abikiwe ayenomehluko omncane jikelele ekuphenduleni kwe-T cell uma kuqhathaniswa nabanikeli abanempilo (I-Supplementary Fig. 10).
Izimpendulo zamaseli e-IFN-γ+ T eziqondene ne-SARS-CoV-2 zikalwa nge-assay ye-capillary yegazi lonke futhi zazisekelwe ekugonyweni kwabahlanganyeli kanye nesimo sangaphambili sokutheleleka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 (okuqinisekiswe yi-PCR kanye/noma ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral).'Vac + /Inf +' n = 42 (green), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 158 (blue), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 33 (ophuzi), 'Vac- /Inf-' n = 37 (mpunga).****P < 0.0001, ***P = 0.0001, *(Vac+/Inf- vs. Vac-/Inf-) P = 0.045, *(Vac-/Inf+ vs. Vac- /Inf-) P = 0.014 .Ukusabela okubophezelayo kwe-SARS-CoV-2 okuqondile kwe-IgG kusizinda sokubopha i-spike receptor (“RBD”) (b; ****P <0.0001, ns: akubalulekile), i-spike subunit 1 (“S1”) (c; * * **P <0.0001, ns: ayibalulekile), iyunithi ye-spike 2 (“S2″) (d; ****P < 0.0001, ***P = 0.0005, *P = 0.016 ) kanye ne-nucleocapsid (“N”) (e; ****P <0.0001, ns akubalulekile) kukalwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya igazi eligcwele le-venous futhi ngokusekelwe ekugomeni ababambiqhaza kanye ne-SARS-CoV-2 yangaphambili (okuqinisekiswe yi-PCR kanye/noma nokuhlaziywa kokugeleza kwe-lateral) Ukutheleleka kwahlukaniswa ngokuthi isimo.'Vac + /Inf +' n = 46 (green), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 182 (blue), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 34 (yellow), 'Vac-/Inf-' n = 37 (mpunga).Ukuqhathanisa kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-Kruskal-Wallis, okulungiselwe ukuqhathanisa okuningi kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kuka-Dunn.Idatha iboniswa njengamashadi (umugqa omaphakathi ku-median, umkhawulo ophezulu ku-75th percentile, umkhawulo ophansi ku-25th percentile) ngamadevu amanani amancane naphezulu.Ichashazi ngalinye limelela onikelayo.Idatha eluhlaza inikezwa ngohlobo lwamafayela edatha eluhlaza.
Njengangaphambili, ababambiqhaza bacelwe ukuthi babike imiphumela emihle ye-PCR kanye/noma yangemuva kokugeleza kwegazi kwe-COVID-19;ngokusho kwe-UK Health Agency, ababambiqhaza kwakucatshangwa ukuthi bangenwe yi-Omicron coronavirus (B.1.1.529) ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuhlukile kwegciwane elihle, njengoba bekuwukuhluka okuvelele e-UK ngesikhathi socwaningo.Kubanikeli abalinganisekayo abangama-299, sibone izinga lokutheleleka elingu-8.0% (24/299) phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zomnikelo we-capillary, abayisikhombisa kubo bengagonyiwe.Ingxenye ye-commorbidities kubo bonke ababambiqhaza ibiphansi kulabo abahlolelwe i-COVID-19 (10.7%) kunalabo abatholakale bengenalo i-COVID-19 (24.4%, Ithebula 1), okungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi ababambiqhaza nabathile izifo zicophelela kakhulu futhi zivikele emiphumeleni engase ibe khona njengesifo sikashukela nomdlavuza.Njengoba kuphawulwe eqenjini legazi le-venous, amaseli e-SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) -positive T alinganiswa ngamasampula egazi le-capillary avela kubantu ababika ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga okuqinisekile kwe-COVID-19.Ubukhulu bokusabela babuphansi kakhulu kunabanikeli abangatheleleki (P = 0.034; Umfanekiso 4a) ngenxa yokungeniswa okungalungile kwe-T cell impendulo ngokugoma kanye/noma ukutheleleka kwangaphambili (Umfanekiso Owengeziwe 11).Ngokufanayo, azikho izimpendulo ze-IgG ezibophezela i-RBD-, S1-, S2-binding IgG (Izibalo 4b–d) noma i-RBD-, izimpendulo ze-antibody ezingathathi hlangothi ze-S1 zaziqondile kuhlobo lwasendle noma i-delta SARS-CoV-2 (B. 1.617).(Umdwebo 12).Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka bangabonakala.Ngokuphambene neqembu le-venous, izimpendulo ze-IgG ezihlobene ne-N nazo azihlukanisi ubungozi be-COVID-19 (Umfanekiso 4e), okuphakamisa ukuthi okuhlukile kwe-Omicron (B.1.1.529) kukhuphula ukuvikeleka kwamasosha omzimba kubantu abangenwe yileli gciwane ngaphambilini, njengoba kusanda kuchazwa okungu-21. Ngokuphambene, amandla empendulo yeseli ye-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ T aphinde abe ukuguquguquka okubaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni amathuba okuba umuntu ngamunye ahlolwe ukuthi une-COVID-19 (Umfanekiso 4f).Sekukonke, ababambiqhaza abane-SARS-CoV-2-specific capillary T-cell response ≤23.7 pg/mL IFN-γ babe nengozi engu-14.9% yokutheleleka ezinyangeni ezintathu uma kuqhathaniswa nempendulo >141.6 pg/mL.ml IFN.-γ wayenengozi yokutheleleka kwe-4.4% (Ithebula 2).
Izimpendulo zamaseli e-IFN-γ+ T eziqondile ze-SARS-CoV-2 (a; *P = 0.034) kanye nesizinda esibophezelayo se-IgG esiqondiswe ku-SARS-CoV-2 (“RBD”) (b), iyunithi ye-spike 1 (' I-S1′) (c), iyunithi ye-spike 2 ('S2′) (d) kanye ne-nucleocapsid binding reaction ('N') (e).Ababambiqhaza abahlonzwe njengabane-COVID-19 (PCR kanye/noma ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwegazi okungemuva), konke ukutheleleka kwenzeke phakathi nezinyanga ezi-3 zokuthatha amasampula egazi.Ukuqhathanisa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kweMann-Whitney enemisila emibili.Idatha iboniswa njengamashadi (umugqa omaphakathi ku-median, umkhawulo ophezulu ku-75th percentile, umkhawulo ophansi ku-25th percentile) ngamadevu amanani amancane naphezulu.Ichashazi ngalinye limelela onikelayo.ns ayibalulekile.I-heatmap f ibonisa ukuhlobana kwezinga lika-Spearman phakathi kokuhluka kwedathasethi eshiwo.Ukuqhathanisa obekungabalulekile ngokwezibalo akuzange kufakwe ku-matrix futhi kumakwe ngamaseli angenalutho.Idatha eluhlaza inikezwa ngohlobo lwamafayela edatha eluhlaza.
Njengoba singena esigabeni esilandelayo sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, kuzogxilwa ekuvimbeleni kuye ekulawuleni ubungozi bomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuhlonza amalungu omphakathi asengozini.Ukusungula izixhumanisi zokugomela i-COVID-19 kubalulekile ukuze kukhonjwe ngempumelelo kanye nokwelapha la maqembu asengozini enkulu.Manje sekunobufakazi obandayo bokuthi ukungatheleleki kwe-T-cell kuvikela ekuthelelekeni kwe-SARS-CoV-2 futhi kukhawulela ubukhali be-COVID-1910.Imininingwane evezwe lapha ikhombisa ukuthi amandla ahlanganisiwe e-SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T cell izimpendulo ngokumelene ne-spike, ulwelwesi, kanye namaprotheni esakhiwo se-nucleocapsid anikeza isivikelo esikhulu ku-COVID-19 kunokubopha ama-antibody.19 akhuthaza noma anciphise izimpendulo. .futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kuhlolwa ukuvikeleka komuntu ngamunye kanye/noma umhlambi.Amagciwane e-RNA afana ne-SARS-CoV-2 noma i-influenza A virus (IAV) agwema ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-serological ngokuvela ngokushesha kwavezwa ama-B-cell epitopes kuma-antigen angaphezulu abonwa amasosha omzimba.Impendulo yokuzivikela evikelayo ehlinzekwa ngamaseli e-T ingase ibonise ukuqondiswa kwama-epitopi avela ezindaweni ezigcinwe kakhulu zamaprotheni egciwane angakwazi ukubalekela ngokushesha impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba.Ukuvikelwa kwe-T cell-mediated ngokumelene nokwahluka kwenoveli yakwa-SARS-CoV-2 kuyefana nokuvikelwa kwe-heterosubtypic okulamulwa ukuqondiswa kwe-T cell yamaphrotheni angaphakathi alondoloziwe abonwa kuma-subtypes e-IAV22,23.
Naphezu kwamathuba amakhulu okulinganisa ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba ku-COVID-19, kuncane ukunaka okukhokhiwe ekuthuthukisweni kokuhlolwa kwe-T-cell okunembile, okuphezulu, okujwayelekile.Ubunkimbinkimbi bendabuko kanye nezindleko ezihambisana nokulinganisa izimpendulo zamaseli e-T zivimbela ukunqunywa okunembile kokungavikeleki kwamaseli e-T lapho kuhlolwa ukungatheleleki kwabantu abaningi.Ngenkathi izivivinyo ezimbalwa zokuvuselela i-peptide yegazi zisanda kutholakala, wonke umuntu okwamanje udinga i-phlebotomist ukuthola igazi, ukukhawulela ukutholakala nesikali.Amasistimu egazi e-capillary asetshenziswa kabanzi ukunquma ukusabalala kwamasosha omzimba akwa-SARS-CoV-2 esibantwini.Siguqule ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-capillary ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuvuselela i-peptide yegazi lonke ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kabusha kwe-T cell kumaprotheni esakhiwo e-SARS-CoV-2 kanye nezimpendulo ezithile ze-antibody zakwa-SARS-CoV-2.Eqinisweni, ukulinganisa okuhlanganisiwe kwama-antibodies aqondene ne-SARS-CoV-2 namaseli e-T kusampula yegazi le-capillary kuyathandeka kakhulu: (i) kunciphisa isidingo sokuhlolwa kwegazi okuningi umhlanganyeli ngamunye, (ii) kuthuthukisa ulwazi nokuqonda komhlanganyeli ;(iii) athuthukise ukuhleleka futhi anciphise ukuphindaphinda, (iv) anciphise umthelela wendawo njengoba kudingeka izinto ezisetshenziswa elabhorethri encane kanye nokulethwa kwesampula.Nakuba jikelele i-IFN-γ reactivity yayifana phakathi kwamasampula egazi le-venous kanye ne-capillary, kubonwe ukuthi kuphansi ku-capillary blood cohort yabahlanganyeli (Fig. 4a) uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu legazi le-venous (Fig. 2a).Amanani e-IFN-γ Kunezincazelo eziningana zalokhu kutholakala, okungukuthi, inani elikhulu labahlanganyeli abanezinkinga ezidinga ukwelashwa kwe-immunosuppressive baqashwa eqenjini lesampula legazi le-capillary (Ithebula 1) kanye nokusebenza kanye/noma umsebenzi wamaseli T atholakala emithanjeni yegazi. amasampula angase abe phansi, ikakhulukazi kucatshangelwa izimo zokugcina amasampula isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokukhuthazwa kwe-peptide.
Umuthi wokugomela otholakala kabanzi we-COVID-19 njengamanje uhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okungcono kakhulu ezifweni ezinzima kubamukeli abaningi phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 zokugoma8.Kuyakhuthaza ukuthi, ngaphandle kokungathathi hlangothi okungekuhle kwe-serological okubangelwa ukugoma kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-SARS-CoV-26,7, izimpendulo ze-T-cell ezitholwe ukugonyelwa uhlobo lwasendle i-SARS-CoV-2 zahlala zisasebenza kakhulu, njengoba kwavela ezinye ezingama-25.Idatha esiyethula lapha ibonisa ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa okubanzi kokugonywa kokuzivikela komzimba, okugqamisa imithi yokugoma enganele ngokwanele ye-T-cell ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kungazelelwe kanye nokudluliselwa kwegciwane okuqhubekayo.Siphinde sabona ukuthi abantu abaningi abangagonyiwe ababuthelwe eqenjini le-capillary babenempendulo ebalulekile yamaseli e-SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell (kanye ne-N-binding IgG) ngaphandle kokugonywa kwangaphambilini, okungenzeka kungenxa yokutheleleka kwangaphambilini.Esikhundleni sokugoma abantu abafanelekile, ubungozi babo bokutheleleka kufanele buhlolwe ngokusekelwe esimweni sabo samanje sokugoma kanye nokukhetha ukwaziswa okwenziwe.
Imikhawulo yalolu cwaningo ihlanganisa isiqinisekiso sokuthi ababambiqhaza bazibikele ngokungenwa yizifo nge-SARS-CoV-2 ngemva kokuqoqwa kwegazi ukuze banqume ukubaluleka kokugonywa;abanye ababambiqhaza bangase babe ne-asymptomatic infection futhi bangakwazi ukwenza i-PCR kanye/noma ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwe-lateral kwe-COVID-19.Isethi yethu yedatha futhi ibintula ulwazi mayelana nemithi yabahlanganyeli ngesikhathi sokuthathwa kwesampula yegazi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kubhekwa ukuthi bonke ababambiqhaza bethu babike kuphela izimpawu ezithambile/ezilingene noma ezingenazo izimpawu, akwenzekanga ukuhlonza izimpendulo zamasosha omzimba kusethi yethu yedatha eyabikezela ukwanda kwengozi yokugula okunzima nokulaliswa esibhedlela ku-COVID-19.Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwezimpendulo ze-CD8+ T cell ngokumelene nama-nucleocapsid-specific epitopes muva nje kuhlotshaniswa nokuvikelwa ku-COVID-1926 enzima.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okusetshenziswe lapha akuzange kulinganise izimpendulo zamaseli e-T kumaprotheni athile asanda kuboniswa akwa-SARS-CoV-2 asanda kuboniswa ukuthi aqongelela ngokukhethekile kubasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo abangenalo i-seronegative abaye bathintana neziguli ezinegciwane.Ngokusekelwe kulo msebenzi, uma kubhekwa ukwanda kokudluliswa komphakathi ngesikhathi sokuqashwa kanye namathuba aphezulu okutheleleka ngegciwane kubantu, inani lama-T cell akhethekile akwa-SARS-CoV-2 atholakala ezivivinyweni zethu nawo abonakala ekwazi ukuvunyelwa.ukutheleleka kwe-subclinical emaqenjini ethu.Okokugcina, asizange silinganise ukukhiqizwa kwe-interleukin 2 ngamaseli e-T ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wethu wangaphambilini ubonise ukukhonjwa okungalungile kwezimpendulo ze-T-cell eziqondile ze-SARS-CoV-214, nakuba izimpendulo eziqondene ne-IL-2 zingabonisa ukusebenza kabusha okukhona kakade.amaseli ahlotshaniswa nokuzivikela ekuthelelekeni kwe-SARS-CoV-211.
Ihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​le datha igqamisa isidingo esibalulekile sezifundo zesikhathi eside ezihlanganisa izimpendulo ze-T cell ezithize ze-SARS-CoV-2 ezinyathelweni zokuvikeleka kwesikali sabantu.Le mizamo ingase isizwe ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa kwegazi okusha kwe-capillary okulinganisa ukusabela kwe-T-cell.
Iphrojekthi yocwaningo iqashe ababambiqhaza kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2021 kuya kuNdasa 2022. Iqoqo labanikeli abanempilo (n = 148) abanikele ngamasampula egazi le-venous lalihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izisebenzi zasenyuvesi kanye nabafundi ababebambe iqhaza enkonzweni yokuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19 yaseCardiff University noma izisebenzi esikoleni samabanga aphansi Cardiff.Bonke ababambiqhaza bebenempilo futhi abazange babike ukuthi bathatha noma yimiphi imithi ye-immunosuppressive (bheka Ithebula 1 ngezici).Iqoqo labahlanganyeli abanikele ngamasampula egazi le-capillary lihlanganisa bonke abanikela ngokuzithandela (abaneminyaka engu-18+) abavela kulo lonke elase-UK.Phakathi kukaJanuwari 24 no-March 14, 2022, ababambiqhaza abangu-342 babhaliswe ocwaningweni, abangu-299 babo bahambisa amasampula egazi elabhorethri.Abahlanganyeli abaningi bahlala bengagonyiwe futhi/noma babike ukugula okubi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izifo ezizimele kanye nomdlavuza (bona Ithebula 1 ukuze uthole izici).Lolu cwaningo lwathola imvume yokuziphatha evela e-Newcastle naseNorth Tyneside 2 Research Ethics Committee (ID IRAS: 294246) kanye ne-Cardiff University School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (SREC ref: SMREC 21/01).Bonke abahlanganyeli banikeze imvume ebhaliwe enolwazi ngaphambi kokufakwa.Ababambiqhaza abatholanga isinxephezelo ngokubamba iqhaza kulolu cwaningo.
Amasampula egazi le-venous atholwe nge-venipuncture ku-6 noma 10 ml lithium noma i-sodium heparin vacutainers (BD).Amasampula egazi e-capillary atholwa nge-lancet yomunwe abese eqoqwa kuma-heparin microcontainers (BD).Kudingeka okungenani u-400 µl wegazi;noma iyiphi isampula engaphansi kwaleli nani izonqatshwa.Ezinye izizathu zokwenqatshwa kwesampula zazihlanganisa ukuhlangana okukhulu kanye/noma i-hemolysis kanye nokwehluleka ukuqoqa i-plasma ye-viscous ukuze ihlaziywe (I-Supplementary Fig. 5).Isamba samasampuli egazi angama-capillary angama-299 atholakalayo ukuze kuhlolwe izimpendulo ze-antibody, lapho amasampula angama-270 nawo atholakala ukuze kuhlolwe izimpendulo zamaseli e-T.
Izimpendulo ze-T cell eziqondile ze-SARS-CoV-2 zahlolwa kusetshenziswa i-COVID-19 Immuno-T assay (ImmunoServ Ltd) futhi zenziwa njengoba kuchazwe ngaphambilini14.Kafushane, i-6 ml eyodwa noma i-10 ml ye-sodium heparin (BD) ye-venous vacutainer (BD) yathathwa kumhlanganyeli ngamunye futhi yacutshungulwa elabhorethri phakathi namahora angu-12 wokuqoqwa kwegazi.Nakuba ama-specimens amaningi acutshungulwa phakathi namahora angu-24, igazi elilodwa lama-capillary angu-400–600 μl we-heparinized microbleeding (BD) laqoqwa phakathi namahora angu-48 esampula yezinti zomunwe.Amasampula egazi e-venous kanye/noma we-capillary avuselelwe ngamachibi e-peptide ahlukene aqondene ne-SARS-CoV-2 (okuhlukile kohlobo lwasendle) njengoba kuchazwe ngaphambilini14.Lo mtapo wezincwadi we-peptide uqukethe ama-420 15-mer alandelanayo anama-amino acid ayi-11 agqagqene ahlanganisa yonke iphrotheni ye-spike (S1 ne-S2) (S; NCBI protein: QHD43416 1), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (NP; NCBI protein: QHD43423 2) kanye ne-membrane ye-glycated ; Iphrotheni ye-NCBI: QHD43419 1) ukulandelana kwekhodi (okubizwa ngokuthi “i-S-/NP-/M-combinatorial peptide library”).Wonke ama-peptide ahlanzwa ukuze abe>>70%, ancibilike emanzini angenalutho futhi asetshenziswe ekuhlanganiseni kokugcina kwe-0.5 μg/ml nge-peptide ngayinye.Amasampula afakwa ku-37°C amahora angama-20-24.Amashubhu abe e-centrifuged ku-5000×g imizuzu engu-3 futhi ~150 µl we-plasma yaqoqwa kusukela phezulu kwesampula yegazi ngalinye.Gcina amasampula e-plasma ku--20°C isikhathi esingafika enyangeni eyodwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ama-assay okuthola i-cytokine/amasosha omzimba.
I-IFN-γ ikalwe kusetshenziswa i-IFN-γ ELISA MAX Deluxe Set (BioLegend, inombolo yekhathalogi 430116) futhi yenziwa ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi.Ngokushesha ngemva kwesixazululo sokumisa (2N H2SO4) sengeziwe, i-microplate yafundwa ku-450 nm kusetshenziswa umfundi wepuleti we-BioLegend Mini ELISA.I-IFN-γ yalinganiswa ngokukhishwa kwejika okujwayelekile kusetshenziswa i-GraphPad Prism.Amanani angaphansi komkhawulo wokutholwa ophansi we-assay aqoshwa njengo-7.8 pg/ml, amanani angaphezu komkhawulo wokuthola ongaphezulu we-assay aqoshwa njengo-1000 pg/ml.
Amasosha omzimba e-Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD/S1/S2/N IgG alinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-Bio-Plex Pro Human IgG SARS-CoV-2 4-plex panel (Bio-Rad, cat. no. 12014634) futhi anelebula ngokuvumelana imiyalelo yomkhiqizi .imiyalelo .Amasampula okubika amanani angaphezu komkhawulo wenani ahlaziywa kabusha nge-dilution engu-1:1000.Isilinganiso sokuqina kwe-fluorescence yobuhlalu kukalwa ngethuluzi le-Bio-Plex 200 (Bio-Rad).Ukugxila kwe-antibody kubalwe nge-VIROTROL SARS-CoV-2 i-single control assay (Bio-Rad) futhi yaguqulelwa ku-WHO/NIBSC 20/136 International Reference Standard Units (BAU/mL) kusetshenziswa isici sokulinganisa somkhiqizi.
I-RBD kanye ne-S1 subunit-specific neutralizing antibodies ngokumelene nohlobo lwasendle lwe-SARS-CoV-2 kanye nemigqa ye-delta (B.1.617) SARS-CoV-2 yalinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-Bio-Plex Pro Human SARS-CoV-2 Variant Neutralization Antibody Kit (Bio -Rad , ingxenye yenombolo 12016897), ngokwemiyalelo yomkhiqizi.Linganisa amandla e-fluorescence emaphakathi ku-Bio-Plex 200 (Bio-Rad) futhi ubale iphesenti lokuvinjelwa (okungukuthi, ukungathathi hlangothi) usebenzisa ifomula elandelayo:
Ukuhlolwa kokungathathi hlangothi okuthathelwanayo kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kwenziwa njengoba kuchazwe ngaphambilini28.Kafushane, i-600 PFU yohlobo lwasendle i-SARS-CoV-2 yafakwa ku-3-fold serial dilutions ye-plasma eyimpinda ihora elingu-1 ku-37°C.Ingxube yabe yengezwa kumaseli e-VeroE6 amahora angama-48.Ama-monolayers alungisiwe nge-4% paraformaldehyde, avunywa nge-0.5% NP-40 futhi afakwe ihora elingu-1 ku-buffer yokuvimba (i-PBS equkethe u-0.1% phakathi no-3% wobisi oluncibilikisiwe).Amasosha omzimba ayisisekelo (anti-nucleocapsid 1C7, Stratech) yengezwe ekuvimbeni isigcinalwazi ihora elingu-1 ekamelweni lokushisa.Ngemva kokugeza, i-anti-mouse yesibili (anti-mouse IgG-HRP, Pierce) yengezwe ekuvimbeni isigcinalwazi ihora elingu-1.Ama-monolayers ahlanjululwa, athuthukiswa kusetshenziswa i-Sigmafast OPD futhi afundwa kumfundi wepuleti we-Clariostar Omega.Imithombo engenalo igciwane, engenalo igciwane kodwa engenawo amasosha omzimba, kanye nesera evamile ebonisa umsebenzi wamaphakathi afakiwe ekuhlolweni ngakunye njengezilawuli.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwe ku-GraphPad Prism (inguqulo 9.4.1).Ukujwayelekile kwesethi yedatha kuhlolwe kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-Shapiro-Wilk.Kusetshenziswe imibandela engeyona eyepharamethi kukho konke ukuqhathanisa.Ukuhlolwa kweMann-Whitney kusetshenziswe amasampula angabhanqiwe.Zonke izivivinyo bezinhlangothi ezimbili ezinomkhawulo wokubaluleka okuzisholo ongu-P ≤ 0.05.
Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlola kokuqala kwedathasethi kwenziwe ku-R (inguqulo 4.0.3).Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-matrix yezinga elingaguquki le-Spearman, lapho ukuhlobana phakathi kokuhluka okubili kumelelwa usayizi nombala wezikwele.Ukubaluleka kwezibalo phakathi kwezinhlangano kubalwe kusetshenziswa i-rho ka-Spearman, lapho amanani ≤0.05 ayebhekwa njengabalulekile.Ukuqhathanisa obekungabalulekile ngokwezibalo akuzange kufakwe ku-matrix futhi kumakwe ngamaseli angenalutho.Ama-P-values ​​alungiselwe ukuqhathanisa okuningi kusetshenziswa ukulungiswa kukaHolm.Kusetshenziswe imodeli yokuhlehliswa kokuhleleka kanambambili ukulingisa umphumela wokuhlukahluka kudathasethi ekuphenduleni okuhle ku-COVID-19.Izimpendulo zamaseli e-IFN-γ T kanye ne-anti-RBD/S1/S2/N IgG titer score ziguqulelwe zaba izici, lapho umuntu ngamunye wabelwa i-quartile efanelekile yesikolo ngasinye.Ngemva kwalokho, imodeli yokuqala yocwaningo yasungulwa kusetshenziswa umsebenzi we-glm kuphakheji yezibalo (V4.0.3).Izilinganiso zezilinganiso ezitholakala kule modeli yoqobo zikhishwe kuma-coefficients emodeli kusetshenziswa umsebenzi we-'odds_plot' kuphakheji ye-OddsPlotty (V1.0.2).Lapho sithuthukisa imodeli yokuqinisekisa okuphambene, sasebenzisa umsebenzi we-“bestglm” kusukela kuphakheji ye-bestglm (V0.37.3) ukuze sikhawulele ukuchema komsebenzisi futhi siqinisekise ukuthi isethi engaphansi engcono kakhulu yokubikezela ingakhethwa.Indlela ekhethiwe “yayiphelele” futhi umbandela wolwazi owawusetshenziswa ukuhlola ukulingana kwemodeli kwakuyi-AIC.Ukugeleza komsebenzi okufanayo okuchazwe ngenhla kwasetshenziswa ukuthola isilinganiso sezinkinga.
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