Siyabonga ngokuvakashela i-Nature.com.Usebenzisa inguqulo yesiphequluli enosekelo olulinganiselwe lwe-CSS.Ukuze uthole ulwazi olungcono kakhulu, sincoma ukuthi usebenzise isiphequluli esibuyekeziwe (noma ukhubaze i-Compatibility Mode ku-Internet Explorer).Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze siqinisekise ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo, sibonisa isayithi ngaphandle kwezitayela ne-JavaScript.
Ibonisa i-carousel yamaslayidi amathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa.Sebenzisa izinkinobho Ezidlule kanye Nezilandelayo ukuze uhambe kumaslayidi amathathu ngesikhathi, noma sebenzisa izinkinobho zesilayidi ekugcineni ukuze uhambe kuma-slides amathathu ngesikhathi.
I-Duplex 2205 insimbi engagqwali (DSS) inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiyiduplex, kodwa imvelo eyandayo equkethe uwoyela negesi i-CO2 iholela emazingeni ahlukene okugqwala, ikakhulukazi umgodi, okusongela kakhulu ukuphepha nokuthembeka kukawoyela nemvelo. izicelo zegesi.ukuthuthukiswa kwegesi.Kulo msebenzi, ukuhlolwa kokucwiliswa kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-electrochemical kusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-laser confocal microscopy kanye ne-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile elibalulekile lokubeka i-pitting 2205 DSS lalingu-66.9 °C.Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kuka-66.9℃, amandla okuqhekeka kwe-pitting, isikhawu sokudlula kanye namandla okuzilimaza ayancishiswa, ukuminyana kwamanje kokudlula usayizi kuyakhuphuka, kanye nokuzwela komgodi kuyanda.Ngokukhuphuka okwengeziwe kwezinga lokushisa, i-radius ye-capacitive arc 2205 DSS iyancipha, ukumelana nobuso kanye nokumelana nokudluliswa kwenkokhelo kuncipha kancane kancane, futhi ukuminyana kwabathwali abanikelayo nabamukelayo kungqimba lwefilimu lomkhiqizo olunezici ze-n + p-bipolar nazo. ukwanda, okuqukethwe kwe-Cr oxides ongqimbeni lwangaphakathi lwefilimu kuncipha, kwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-Fe oxides kungqimba lwangaphandle, ukuqedwa kongqimba lwefilimu kuyanda, ukuzinza kuyancipha, inani lemigodi kanye nobukhulu bembobo banda.
Esimweni sentuthuko esheshayo yezomnotho nezenhlalakahle kanye nenqubekela phambili yezenhlalakahle, isidingo semithombo kawoyela negesi siyaqhubeka nokukhula, okuphoqa ukuthuthukiswa kukawoyela negesi ukuthi kushintshe kancane kancane ezindaweni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga nasogwini ezinezimo ezimbi kakhulu kanye nemvelo, ngakho izimo zokusebenza ishubhu ye-downhole iba nzima kakhulu..Ukuwohloka 1,2,3.Emkhakheni wokuhlola uwoyela negesi, lapho ukwanda kwe-CO2 4 kanye nosawoti kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chlorine 5, 6 oketshezini olukhiqiziwe, ipayipi le-carbon steel elijwayelekile elingu-7 lingaphansi kokugqwala okukhulu, noma ngabe ama-corrosion inhibitors ephonswa ochungechungeni lwepayipi, ukugqwala akukwazi ukucindezelwa ngokuphumelelayo insimbi ngeke isakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezilimazayo ze-CO28,9,10.Abacwaningi baphendukela kuma-duplex stainless steels (DSS) anokumelana nokugqwala okungcono.I-2205 DSS, okuqukethwe kwe-ferrite ne-austenite ensimbi cishe ku-50%, inezici ezinhle kakhulu zemishini nokumelana nokugqwala, ifilimu ye-surface passivation iminyene, inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala okufanayo, intengo iphansi kunaleyo yama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel 11 , 12. Ngakho-ke, i-2205 DSS ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesitsha sokucindezela endaweni ebolayo, isikhwama somthombo kawoyela endaweni ebolayo ye-CO2, isipholile samanzi sohlelo lokujiya kuwoyela ogwini lolwandle kanye nezinkundla zamakhemikhali 13, 14, 15, kodwa i-2205 DSS nayo ingaba nokugqwala okubolayo. enkonzweni.
Njengamanje, izifundo eziningi ze-CO2- kanye ne-Cl-pitting corrosion 2205 DSS zenziwe ezweni nakwamanye amazwe [16,17,18].U-Ebrahimi19 uthole ukuthi ukwengeza usawoti we-potassium dichromate kusixazululo se-NaCl kungavimbela u-2205 DSS pitting, futhi ukukhulisa ukugxila kwe-potassium dichromate kwandisa izinga lokushisa elibalulekile le-2205 DSS pitting.Kodwa-ke, amandla okugoba we-2205 DSS ayanda ngenxa yokwengezwa kokugxiliswa okuthile kwe-NaCl ku-potassium dichromate futhi ehla ngokugxilisa okukhulayo kwe-NaCl.I-Han20 ibonisa ukuthi ku-30 kuya ku-120°C, ukwakheka kwefilimu edlulayo engu-2205 DSS iyingxube yongqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-Cr2O3, ungqimba lwangaphandle lwe-FeO, kanye ne-Cr ecebile;lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku-150 ° C, ifilimu ye-passivation iyancibilika., isakhiwo sangaphakathi sishintshela ku-Cr2O3 kanye ne-Cr(OH)3, futhi isendlalelo sangaphandle sishintsha sibe yi-Fe(II,III) oxide ne-Fe(III) hydroxide.I-Peguet21 ithole ukuthi umgodi omile we-S2205 wensimbi engagqwali kusixazululo se-NaCl ngokuvamile ukwenzeka hhayi ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi (CPT) kodwa ebangeni lokushisa lokushintsha (TTI).I-Thiadi22 iphethe ngokuthi njengoba ukugxila kwe-NaCl kwanda, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-S2205 DSS kunciphisa kakhulu, futhi okubi kakhulu amandla asetshenzisiwe, kubi nakakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto.
Kulesi sihloko, ukuskena okunamandla okunamandla, i-impedance spectroscopy, amandla angaguquki, ijika le-Mott-Schottky kanye ne-optical electron microscopy kusetshenziswe ukutadisha umphumela wosawoti ophezulu, ukugxila kwe-Cl ephezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa ekuziphatheni kokugqwala kwe-2205 DSS.kanye ne-photoelectron spectroscopy, ehlinzeka ngesisekelo sethiyori sokusebenza okuphephile kwe-2205 DSS ezindaweni zikawoyela negesi eziqukethe i-CO2.
Izinto zokuhlola zikhethwa kunsimbi ephekwe ngesixazululo 2205 DSS (izinga lensimbi 110ksi), futhi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuyinhloko kuboniswa kuThebula 1.
Ubukhulu besampula ye-electrochemical yi-10 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm, ihlanzwa nge-acetone ukuze kukhishwe amafutha kanye ne-ethanol ephelele futhi yomiswe.Ingemuva lesiqephu sokuhlola liyathengiswa ukuze kuxhunywe ubude obufanele bocingo lwethusi.Ngemva kokushisela, sebenzisa i-multimeter (VC9801A) ukuze uhlole ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kwesiqephu sokuhlola esishiselwe, bese uvala indawo engasebenzi nge-epoxy.Sebenzisa i-400#, 600#, 800#, 1200#, 2000# i-silicon carbide sandpaper yamanzi ukupholisha indawo yokusebenza emshinini wokupholisha nge-ejenti yokupholisha engu-0.25um kuze kube roughness ebusweni Ra≤1.6um, futhi ekugcineni uhlanze futhi ufake ku-thermostat. .
Kwasetshenziswa indawo yokusebenzela ye-electrochemical Priston (P4000A) enohlelo lwama-electrode amathathu.I-electrode yeplatinamu (Pt) enendawo engu-1 cm2 esetshenziswa njenge-electrode eyisizayo, i-DSS 2205 (enendawo engu-1 cm2) yasetshenziswa njenge-electrode esebenzayo, kanye ne-reference electrode (Ag/AgCl) yasetshenziswa. esetshenzisiwe.Isixazululo semodeli esisetshenziswe ekuhlolweni salungiswa ngokuya (Ithebula 2).Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, isisombululo se-N2 esiphezulu (99.99%) sidluliselwe ihora elingu-1, bese i-CO2 idluliselwe imizuzu engu-30 ukuze ikhiphe isixazululo., futhi i-CO2 kusixazululo yayihlale isesimweni sokugcwala.
Okokuqala, faka isampula ethangini eliqukethe isisombululo sokuhlola, bese usibeka endaweni yokugeza yamanzi eshisa njalo.Izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokusetha lingu-2 ° C, futhi ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kulawulwa ngezinga lika-1 ° C/min, futhi izinga lokushisa liyalawulwa.ku-2-80 ° C.I-Celsius.Ukuhlola kuqala ngokuqhubekayo (-0.6142 Vs.Ag/AgCl) futhi ijika lokuhlola liyijika le-It.Ngokwezinga elibalulekile lokuhlola izinga lokushisa le-pitting, ijika le-It lingaziwa.Izinga lokushisa lapho ukuminyana kwamanje likhuphuka lifinyelele ku-100 μA/cm2 libizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa elibalulekile le-pitting.Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile elibalulekile lokugoba ngu-66.9 °C.Amazinga okushisa okuhlola ejika le-polarization kanye ne-impedance spectrum akhethwa ukuthi abe ngu-30°C, 45°C, 60°C no-75°C, ngokulandelana, futhi ukuhlolwa kwaphindwa kathathu ngaphansi kwezimo zesampula ezifanayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphambuka okungenzeka.
Isampula yensimbi evezwe esixazululweni yaqale yenziwa i-polarized endaweni engase ibe khona (-1.3 V) imizuzu emi-5 ngaphambi kokuhlola ijika le-potentiodynamic polarization ukuze kuqedwe ifilimu ye-oxide eyakhiwe endaweni yokusebenza yesampula, bese kuba sendaweni evulekile yesekethe. Ihora elingu-1 kuze kube yilapho i-voltage yokugqwala ingasungulwa.Izinga lokuskena lejika elinamandla le-polarization lasethelwa ku-0.333mV/s, futhi amandla wesikhawu sokuskena asethwe ukuze athi -0.3~1.2V vs. OCP.Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuhlolwa, izimo zokuhlola ezifanayo ziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-3.
Isoftware yokuhlola i-Impedance spectrum - Versa Studio.Ukuhlolwa kuqala kwenziwa endaweni evulekile yomjikelezo ongaguquki, i-amplitude ye-voltage yokuphazamiseka eshintshanayo isethwe ku-10 mV, futhi imvamisa yokulinganisa yahlelwa ku-10-2-105 Hz.idatha ye-spectrum ngemva kokuhlolwa.
Inqubo yamanje yokuhlola ijika lesikhathi: khetha amandla okudlula ahlukene ngokuya ngemiphumela yejika le-anodic polarization, linganisa ijika le-It ngamandla angaguqukiyo, futhi ulinganise ijika le-logarithm eliphindwe kabili ukuze ubale ukuthambeka kwejika elifakelwe ukuhlaziya ifilimu.indlela yokwakheka kwefilimu edlulayo.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-voltage yesifunda evulekile izinzile, yenza ukuhlolwa kwejika le-Mott-Schottky.Hlola ububanzi bokuskena obunamandla obungu-1.0~-1.0V (vS.Ag/AgCl), izinga lokuskena 20mV/s, imvamisa yokuhlola isethelwe ku-1000Hz, isignali yenjabulo engu-5mV.
Sebenzisa i-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (ESCALAB 250Xi, UK) ukuze uhlole ukwakheka nesimo samakhemikhali sefilimu edlulayo ngemuva kwefilimu engu-2205 ye-DSS futhi wenze ukucutshungulwa kokulingana okuphezulu kwedatha usebenzisa isofthiwe ephakeme.uma kuqhathaniswa nemininingwane yolwazi ye-atomic spectra nemibhalo ehlobene23 futhi yalinganiswa kusetshenziswa ama-C1s (284.8 eV).I-morphology of corrosion kanye nokujula kwemigodi kumasampuli kwabonakala kusetshenziswa isibonakhulu sedijithali esijulile (Zeiss Smart Zoom5, Germany).
Isampuli ihlolwe ngamandla afanayo (-0.6142 V rel. Ag/AgCl) ngendlela engase ibe khona njalo futhi ijika lamanje lokugqwala larekhodwa ngesikhathi.Ngokwezinga lokuhlola le-CPT, ukuminyana kwamanje kwe-polarization kukhuphuka kancane kancane ngezinga lokushisa elikhulayo.I-1 ibonisa izinga lokushisa elibalulekile le-pitting elingu-2205 DSS kusixazululo esilingiswayo esiqukethe u-100 g/L Cl– kanye ne-CO2 egcwele.Kungabonakala ukuthi ekushiseni okuphansi kwesixazululo, ukuminyana kwamanje akushintshi ngokukhuphuka kwesikhathi sokuhlola.Futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lesisombululo likhuphuka libe yinani elithile, ukuminyana kwamanje kwanda ngokushesha, okubonisa ukuthi izinga lokuqedwa kwefilimu edlulayo landa ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwesisombululo.Uma izinga lokushisa lesisombululo esiqinile linyuswa lisuka ku-2°C liya cishe ku-67°C, ukuminyana kwamanje kwe-polarization ku-2205DSS kukhuphuka kuya ku-100µA/cm2, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo elibalulekile elingu-2205DSS lingu-66.9°C, okungaba ngu-16.6°C. ngaphezulu kune-2205DSS.okujwayelekile 3.5 wt.% NaCl (0.7 V)26.Izinga lokushisa elibalulekile le-pitting lincike emandleni asetshenzisiwe ngesikhathi sokulinganisa: ukwehla kwamandla asetshenzisiwe, kukhuphuka izinga lokushisa elibucayi elilinganisiwe.
Ukugoba ijika lokushisa elibucayi lensimbi engu-2205 duplex engagqwali kusixazululo esilingisiwe esiqukethe u-100 g/L Cl– kanye ne-CO2 egcwele.
Emkhiwaneni.2 ibonisa iziza ze-ac impedance ze-2205 DSS kuzixazululo ezilingisiwe eziqukethe u-100 g/L Cl- kanye ne-CO2 egcwele emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene.Kungabonakala ukuthi umdwebo we-Nyquist we-2205DSS emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene uqukethe ama-arcs aphezulu-frequency, i-mid-frequency kanye ne-low-frequency resistance-capacitance arcs, futhi ama-arcs amandla okumelana awawona ama-semicircular.Irediyasi ye-capacitive arc ibonisa inani lokumelana lefilimu edlulayo kanye nenani lokumelana nokudluliswa kweshaji ngesikhathi sokusabela kwe-electrode.Kuyamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi uma iradiyasi ye-capacitive ikhudlwana, kuba ngcono ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-substrate yensimbi kusixazululo27.Ezingeni lokushisa lesixazululo elingu-30 °C, irediyasi ye-capacitive arc kumdwebo weNyquist kanye ne-engeli yesigaba kumdwebo we-impedance modulus |Z|I-Bode iphakeme kakhulu futhi i-2205 DSS corrosion iphansi kakhulu.Njengoba izinga lokushisa lesixazululo likhuphuka, i-|Z|I-impedance modulus, i-arc radius kanye nokuncipha kokumelana nesixazululo, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-engeli yesigaba nayo yehla isuka ku-79 Ω iye ku-58 Ω endaweni yemvamisa emaphakathi, ikhombisa ukuphakama okubanzi kanye nongqimba lwangaphakathi oluminyene kanye nongqimba lwangaphandle oluncane (olunembobo) luyinhloko. izici zefilimu ye-inhomogeneous passive28.Ngakho-ke, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ifilimu edlulayo eyakhiwe ebusweni be-substrate yensimbi iyancibilika futhi iqhekeke, okwenza buthaka izakhiwo zokuzivikela ze-substrate futhi kulimaze ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ezibonakalayo29.
Kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-ZSimDeme ukuze ilingane nedatha ye-impedance spectrum, umjikelezo olinganayo ofakiwe uboniswa ku-Fig. 330, lapho i-Rs iyisisombululo esifanisiwe sokumelana, i-Q1 amandla efilimu, i-Rf ukumelana kwefilimu edlulayo ekhiqiziwe, i-Q2 iphindwe kabili. i-layer capacitance, futhi i-Rct iwukumelana nokudlulisa ukushaja.Kusukela emiphumeleni yokufakwa kwetafula.I-3 ibonisa ukuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa lesisombululo esifanisiwe likhuphuka, inani le-n1 liyancipha ukusuka ku-0.841 kuya ku-0.769, okubonisa ukwanda kwegebe phakathi kwama-capacitors amabili-layer kanye nokwehla komthamo.Ukumelana nokudlulisa ukushaja kwe-Rct kwehla kancane kancane kusuka ku-2.958 × 1014 kuya ku-2.541 × 103 Ω cm2, okubonisa ukwehla kancane kancane kokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto.Ukumelana nesixazululo se-Rs kwehle kusuka ku-2.953 kuya ku-2.469 Ω cm2, futhi amandla Q2 wefilimu edlulayo yehla ukusuka ku-5.430 10-4 kuya ku-1.147 10-3 Ω cm2, ukuqhutshwa kwesisombululo kwanda, ukuzinza kwefilimu edlulayo kwehla. , kanye nesixazululo Cl-, SO42-, njll.) ekukhuphukeni okuphakathi, okusheshisa ukubhujiswa kwefilimu edlulayo31.Lokhu kuholela ekwehleni kokumelana nefilimu i-Rf (kusuka ku-4662 kuya ku-849 Ω cm2) kanye nokuncipha kokumelana ne-polarization Rp (Rct+Rf) okwakhiwa ebusweni bensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex.
Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lesixazululo lithinta ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-DSS 2205. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi esixazululo, inqubo yokusabela ivela phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode phambi kwe-Fe2 +, enomthelela ekuhlakazekeni okusheshayo nokugqwala kwe-corrosion. i-anode, kanye nokudlula kwefilimu eyakhiwe phezulu, Ukuminyana okuphelele nokuphakeme, ukudluliswa kwenkokhelo enkulu yokumelana phakathi kwezixazululo, kubambezela ukuhlakazeka kwe-matrix yensimbi futhi kubonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono.Njengoba izinga lokushisa lesixazululo likhula, ukumelana nokushaja kokudluliselwa kwe-Rct kuncipha, izinga lokusabela phakathi kwe-ion esixazululweni liyashesha, futhi izinga lokusatshalaliswa kwama-ion anolaka liyashesha, ukuze imikhiqizo yokuqala yokugqwala iphinde yakheke ebusweni i-substrate evela ebusweni be-substrate yensimbi.Ifilimu encane edlulayo yenza buthaka izakhiwo zokuvikela ze-substrate.
Emkhiwaneni.Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa amajika aguqukayo we-polarization we-2205 DSS kuzixazululo ezilingisayo eziqukethe i-100 g/L Cl– kanye ne-CO2 egcwele emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene.Kungabonakala emfanekisweni ukuthi lapho amandla avela ku-0.4 kuya ku-0.9 V, amajika e-anode emazingeni okushisa ahlukene anezindawo ezicacile zokudlula, futhi amandla okuzikhukhumeza angaba ngu-0.7 kuya ku-0.5 V. ukuminyana kwenyusa okwamanje kuze kufike ku-100 μA/cm233 ijika le-anode ngokuvamile libizwa ngokuthi amandla omgodi (Eb noma i-Etra).Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, isikhawu sokudlula siyehla, amandla okuzilimaza ayancipha, ukugqwala kwamanje kuthanda ukwanda, futhi ijika le-polarization lishintshela kwesokudla, okubonisa ukuthi ifilimu eyakhiwe yi-DSS 2205 kusixazululo esifanisiwe iyasebenza. umsebenzi.okuqukethwe kwe-100 g/l Cl– kanye ne-CO2 egcwele, kwandisa ukuzwela kokugqwala kwemigodi, konakaliswa kalula ama-ion anolaka, okuholela ekwandeni kokugqwala kwe-matrix yensimbi kanye nokuncipha kokumelana nokugqwala.
Kungabonakala kuThebula 4 ukuthi lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lisuka ku-30 ° C liye ku-45 ° C, amandla ahambisanayo okudlula ngokweqile ayancipha kancane, kodwa ukuminyana kwamanje kosayizi ohambisanayo kukhula kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwefilimu edlulayo ngaphansi kwalokhu. izimo ziyanda ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-60°C, amandla okugoba ahambisanayo ehla kakhulu, futhi lesi simo siba sobala kakhulu njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ku-75°C inani eliphakeme lamanje lesikhashana elibalulekile livela emfanekisweni, okubonisa ukuba khona kokugqwala kwe-metastable pitting endaweni yesampula.
Ngakho-ke, ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa lesixazululo, inani le-oksijini elincibilikisiwe esixazululweni liyancipha, inani le-pH yendawo yefilimu liyancipha, futhi ukuzinza kwefilimu edlulayo kuncipha.Ukwengeza, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lesisombululo, umsebenzi we-ion anonya esixazululweni ukhuphuka futhi izinga lokulimala kwefilimu engaphezulu ye-substrate.Ama-oksidi akheke kungqimba lwefilimu ayawa kalula futhi asabelane nama-cation kungqimba lwefilimu ukuze akhe izinhlanganisela ezincibilikayo, okwandisa amathuba okuba umgodi.Njengoba ungqimba lwefilimu oluvuselelwe lukhululekile, umphumela wokuvikela ku-substrate uphansi, okwandisa ukugqwala kwe-substrate yensimbi.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa okunamandla kwe-polarization ihambisana nemiphumela ye-impedance spectroscopy.
Emkhiwaneni.Umfanekiso 5a ubonisa ukuthi Ijika ku-2205 DSS kumodeli yesixazululo esiqukethe u-100 g/L Cl– kanye ne-CO2 egcwele.Ukuminyana kwamanje okudlulayo njengomsebenzi wesikhathi kutholwe ngemva kokwehlukanisa emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene ihora elingu-1 ngamandla angu-300 mV (okuhlobene ne-Ag/AgCl).Kungabonakala ukuthi i-passivation yamanje yokuminyana kwethrendi engu-2205 DSS ngesikhathi esifanayo namazinga okushisa ahlukene ngokuyisisekelo ayafana, futhi ukuthambekela kuyehla kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuvame ukuba bushelelezi.Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhula kancane kancane, ukuminyana kwamanje kwe-passivation ye-2205 DSS kwanda, okwakuhambisana nemiphumela ye-polarization, ephinde yabonisa ukuthi izici zokuvikela zesendlalelo sefilimu ku-substrate yensimbi yehla ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa lesisombululo.
I-Potentiostatic polarization curves ye-2205 DSS kumandla afanayo okwakheka kwefilimu namazinga okushisa ahlukene.(a) Ukuminyana kwamanje uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi, (b) I-logarithm yokukhula kwefilimu engenzi lutho.
Phenya ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-passivation density yamanje nesikhathi emazingeni okushisa ahlukene wamandla afanayo okwakheka kwefilimu, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-(1)34:
Lapho i-passivation yamanje ukuminyana emandleni okwakheka kwefilimu, A/cm2.A indawo ye-electrode esebenzayo, i-cm2.U-K wumthambeka wejika ofakwe kuwo.t isikhathi, s
Emkhiwaneni.I-5b ibonisa i-logI namajika e-logt angu-2205 DSS emazingeni okushisa ahlukene kumandla afanayo okwakheka kwefilimu.Ngokusho kwedatha yezincwadi,35 lapho umugqa wemithambeka K = -1, ungqimba lwefilimu olwakhiwe ebusweni be-substrate luminyene futhi lunokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kwe-substrate yensimbi.Futhi lapho umugqa oqondile wemithambeka K = -0.5, ungqimba lwefilimu olwakhiwe phezulu lukhululekile, luqukethe izimbobo eziningi ezincane futhi lunokumelana nokugqwala okumpofu ku-substrate yensimbi.Kungabonakala ukuthi ku-30 ° C, 45 ° C, 60 ° C, no-75 ° C, ukwakheka kongqimba lwefilimu kuyashintsha kusuka ezimbotsheni eziminyene kuya ezimbotsheni ezixekethile ngokuhambisana nomthambeka womugqa okhethiwe.Ngokusho kwe-Point Defect Model (PDM)36,37 kungabonakala ukuthi amandla asetshenzisiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa akuthinti ukuminyana kwamanje, okubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lithinta ngokuqondile ukulinganiswa komthamo wamanje we-anode ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ngakho-ke okwamanje inyuka ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.isisombululo, futhi ukuminyana kwe-2205 DSS kuyanda, futhi ukumelana nokugqwala kuyancipha.
Izici ze-semiconductor zongqimba lwefilimu elincanyana elakhiwe ku-DSS zithinta ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala38, uhlobo lwe-semiconductor kanye nokuminyana kwesithwali songqimba lwefilimu elincanyana kuthinta ukuqhekeka kanye nokugoba ungqimba lwefilimu elincanyana DSS39,40 lapho amandla C no-E ungqimba lwefilimu oluncane olungaba khona lwenelisa ukuhlobana kwe-MS, ukushaja kwesikhala se-semiconductor kubalwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Kufomula, ε ukuvumela kwefilimu edlulayo ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, elilingana no-1230, ε0 imvume ye-vacuum, elingana no-8.85 × 10–14 F/cm, E inkokhiso yesibili (1.602 × 10–19 C) ;I-ND ukuminyana kwabanikeli be-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-n, cm–3, NA ukuminyana kokwamukela kwe-p-type semiconductor, cm–3, EFB amandla ebhendi eyisicaba, i-V, K ingu-Boltzmann engaguquki, 1.38 × 10–3 .23 J/K, T – izinga lokushisa, K.
Umthambeka nokunqamula komugqa ofakiwe kungabalwa ngokufaka ukuhlukaniswa komugqa kujika le-MS elilinganisiwe, ukugxiliswa okusetshenzisiwe (ND), ukugxilisa okuvunyelwe (NA), namandla ebhendi eyisicaba (Efb)42.
Emkhiwaneni.I-6 ibonisa ijika le-Mott-Schottky longqimba olungaphezulu lwefilimu engu-2205 DSS elakhiwe ngesixazululo esilingisayo esiqukethe u-100 g/l Cl- futhi egcwele i-CO2 ngamandla (-300 mV) ihora elingu-1.Kuyabonakala ukuthi zonke izingqimba zefilimu ezacile ezakhiwe emazingeni okushisa ahlukene zinezici ze-n+p-type bipolar semiconductors.I-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-n inesixazululo se-anion selectivity, engavimbela ama-cations ensimbi engagqwali ukuthi angasabalali esixazululweni ngokusebenzisa ifilimu ye-passivation, kuyilapho i-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-p ine-cation selectivity, engavimbela ama-anion abolayo ekuxazululeni ukuwela i-passivation Ifilimu iza. ngaphandle kobuso be-substrate 26.Kungase futhi kubonakale ukuthi kunoguquko olubushelelezi phakathi kwamajika amabili afanelekayo, ifilimu isesimweni sebhendi eyisicaba, futhi ibhande eliyisicaba le-Efb lingasetshenziswa ukuze kunqunywe indawo yebhande lamandla le-semiconductor futhi kuhlolwe i-electrochemical yayo. ukuzinza43..
Ngokuvumelana nemiphumela yokulinganisa ijika le-MC eboniswe kuThebula 5, ukugxilisana okuphumayo (ND) nokugxilisaniswa kokwamukela (NA) namandla ebhendi eyisicaba Efb 44 yohlelo olufanayo lobukhulu kubaliwe.Ukuminyana kwenkampani yenethiwekhi esetshenziswayo ngokuyinhloko kukhombisa ukushiyeka kwamaphuzu kusendlalelo sokushaja kwesikhala kanye namandla omgodi wefilimu edlulayo.Uma kuphakeme ukugxiliswa kwenkampani yenethiwekhi esetshenzisiwe, kulula ukuphuka ungqimba lwefilimu futhi kwandisa amathuba okugqwala kwe-substrate45.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunyuka kancane kancane kwezinga lokushisa lesisombululo, ukuhlushwa kwe-ND emitter kungqimba lwefilimu kukhuphuke kusuka ku-5.273 × 1020 cm-3 kuya ku-1.772 × 1022 cm-3, futhi ukuhlushwa kokusingatha i-NA kukhuphuke kusuka ku-4.972 × 1021 kuya ku-4.592 ×1023.cm - njengoba kuboniswe kumfanekiso.3, amandla ebhendi eyisicaba akhuphuka ukusuka ku-0.021 V kuya ku-0.753 V, inani labathwali esixazululweni liyakhula, ukusabela phakathi kwama-ion esixazululweni kuyaqina, futhi ukuzinza kongqimba lwefilimu kuncipha.Njengoba izinga lokushisa lesixazululo likhula, liba lincane inani eliphelele lemithambeka yomugqa oseduze, kukhulu ukuminyana kwabathwali esixazululweni, izinga lokusabalalisa phakathi kwama-ion liba likhulu, nenani elikhulu lezikhala ze-ion ubuso bongqimba lwefilimu., ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa i-substrate yensimbi, ukuzinza nokumelana nokugqwala 46,47.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali efilimu kunomthelela omkhulu ekuzinzeni kwe-cations yensimbi nokusebenza kwama-semiconductors, futhi ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa kunomphumela obalulekile ekwakhekeni kwefilimu yensimbi engagqwali.Emkhiwaneni.Umfanekiso 7 ubonisa i-spectrum egcwele ye-XPS yongqimba olungaphezulu lwefilimu engu-2205 DSS kusixazululo esilingisiwe esiqukethe u-100 g/L Cl– kanye ne-CO2 egcwele.Izakhi eziyinhloko kumafilimu akhiwe ama-chips emazingeni okushisa ahlukene ngokuyisisekelo ziyafana, futhi izingxenye eziyinhloko zamafilimu yi-Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, O, N, no-C. Ngakho-ke, izingxenye eziyinhloko zesendlalelo sefilimu yi-Fe. , Cr, Ni, Mo, O, N kanye ne-C. Isitsha esinama-Cr oxides, ama-Fe oxides nama-hydroxides kanye nenani elincane le-Ni ne-Mo oxides.
Isibuko esigcwele se-XPS 2205 DSS esithathwe emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene.(a) 30°С, (b) 45°С, (c) 60°С, (d) 75°С.
Ukwakhiwa okuyinhloko kwefilimu kuhlobene nezakhiwo ze-thermodynamic zamakhompiyutha efilimu edlulayo.Ngokusho kwamandla abophayo wezakhi eziyinhloko kungqimba lwefilimu, olunikezwe etafuleni.6, kuyabonakala ukuthi izici eziphakeme ze-spectral ze-Cr2p3/2 zihlukaniswe ngensimbi i-Cr0 (573.7 ± 0.2 eV), i-Cr2O3 (574.5 ± 0.3 eV), kanye ne-Cr(OH)3 (575.4 ± 0. 1 eV) njenge kuboniswe ku-Figure 8a, lapho i-oxide eyakhiwe yi-Cr element iyingxenye eyinhloko yefilimu, edlala indima ebalulekile ekuphikiseni ukugqwala kwefilimu nokusebenza kwayo kwe-electrochemical.Ukuqina kwesiqongo esihlobene se-Cr2O3 kungqimba yefilimu kungaphezulu kwalokho kwe-Cr(OH)3.Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinga lokushisa lesixazululo esiqinile likhula, inani eliphakeme elihlobene le-Cr2O3 liya ngokuya liba buthaka, kuyilapho inani eliphakeme le-Cr(OH)3 likhula kancane kancane, okubonisa ukuguqulwa okusobala kwe-Cr3+ eyinhloko kungqimba lwefilimu ukusuka ku-Cr2O3 ukuya ku-Cr(OH) 3, futhi izinga lokushisa lekhambi liyakhula.
Amandla abophayo weziqongo ze-spectrum yesici se-Fe2p3/2 ikakhulukazi aqukethe iziqongo ezine ze-metallic state Fe0 (706.4 ± 0.2 eV), Fe3O4 (707.5 ± 0.2 eV), FeO (709.5 ± 0.1 eV ) kanye ne-Fe. eV) ± 0.3 eV), njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Fig. 8b, i-Fe ikhona ikakhulukazi kwifilimu eyenziwe ngendlela ye-Fe2+ ne-Fe3+.I-Fe2+ kusuka ku-FeO ibusa i-Fe(II) eziqongweni zamandla abophezelayo aphansi, kuyilapho izinhlanganisela ze-Fe3O4 ne-Fe(III) FeOOH zibusa eziqongweni zamandla ezibophayo eziphezulu48,49.Ukuqina okuhlobene kwesiqongo se-Fe3+ kungaphezulu kwalokho kwe-Fe2+, kodwa ukushuba okuhlobene kwesiqongo se-Fe3+ kuncipha ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lesixazululo, futhi ukushuba okuhlobene kwe-Fe2+ peak kuyanda, okubonisa ushintsho entweni eyinhloko kungqimba lwefilimu ukusuka Fe3+ kuya ku-Fe2+ ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokushisa lesixazululo.
Iziqongo ze-spectral ze-Mo3d5/2 ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa izindawo ezimbili eziphakeme kakhulu i-Mo3d5/2 ne-Mo3d3/243.50, kuyilapho i-Mo3d5/2 ihlanganisa i-metallic Mo (227.5 ± 0.3 eV), i-Mo4+ (228.9 ± 0.2 eV) kanye ne-Mo6+ 4 ± 2.0+4 eV. ), kuyilapho i-Mo3d3/2 futhi iqukethe i-metallic Mo (230.4 ± 0.1 eV), i-Mo4+ (231.5 ± 0.2 eV) ne-Mo6+ (232, 8 ± 0.1 eV) njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 8c, ngakho-ke ama-elementi e-Mo akhona ku-valence engaphezu kwezintathu. isimo sesendlalelo sefilimu.Amandla abophezelayo wesici seziqongo ze-spectral ze-Ni2p3/2 ahlanganisa i-Ni0 (852.4 ± 0.2 eV) ne-NiO (854.1 ± 0.2 eV), njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 8g ngokulandelanayo.Isici esiphezulu se-N1s siqukethe i-N (399.6 ± 0.3 eV), njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 8d.Iziqongo ze-O1s zesici zifaka i-O2- (529.7 ± 0.2 eV), i-OH- (531.2 ± 0.2 eV) ne-H2O (531.8 ± 0.3 eV), njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zongqimba lwefilimu yilezi (OH- no-O2 -) , ezisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-oxidation noma i-hydrogen oxidation ye-Cr ne-Fe kungqimba yefilimu.Izinga eliphakeme elihlobene ne-OH- lenyuke kakhulu njengoba izinga lokushisa lenyuka lisuka ku-30°C laya ku-75°C.Ngakho-ke, ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukwakheka okuyinhloko kwe-O2- kungqimba yefilimu kuyashintsha kusuka ku-O2- kuya ku-OH- ne-O2-.
Emkhiwaneni.Umfanekiso 9 ubonisa i-microscopic surface morphology yesampula 2205 DSS ngemva kokwahlukaniswa okunamandla okunamandla kusixazululo esiqukethe i-100 g/L Cl– kanye ne-CO2 egcwele.Kungabonakala ukuthi ebusweni bamasampula ahlukanisiwe emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, kunemigodi yokugqwala yamazinga ahlukahlukene, lokhu kwenzeka kusixazululo sama-ion anolaka, futhi ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lesixazululo, ukugqwala okukhulu kwenzeka ubuso bamasampuli.i-substrate.Inani lemigodi yokufaka iyunithi ngayinye kanye nokujula kwezikhungo zokugqwala kuyanda.
Amajika okugqwala angu-2205 DSS kumodeli yezixazululo eziqukethe u-100 g/l Cl– kanye ne-CO2 egcwele emazingeni okushisa ahlukene (a) 30°C, (b) 45°C, (c) 60°C, (d) 75°C c.
Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuzonyusa umsebenzi wengxenye ngayinye ye-DSS, futhi kwandise umsebenzi wama-ion anolaka endaweni enolaka, okubangela izinga elithile lomonakalo endaweni yesampula, okuzokwandisa umsebenzi wokugoba., futhi ukwakheka kwemigodi yokugqwala kuzokwanda.Izinga lokwakhiwa komkhiqizo lizokhula futhi ukumelana nokugqwala kwempahla kuzokwehla51,52,53,54,55.
Emkhiwaneni.I-10 ikhombisa i-morphology nokujula komgodi kwesampula engu-2205 DSS ehlukanisiwe ngokujula okuphezulu kakhulu kwesibonakhulu esibonakalayo sedijithali.Kusukela emkhiwaneni.I-10a ibonisa ukuthi imigodi emincane yokugqwala iphinde yavela eduze kwemigodi emikhulu, okubonisa ukuthi ifilimu edlulayo endaweni yesampula yonakaliswe kancane ngokwakhiwa kwemigodi yokugqwala ekumineni kwamanje esinikeziwe, futhi ukujula kwe-pitting okuphezulu kube ngu-12.9 µm.njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 10b.
I-DSS ibonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ifilimu eyakhiwe ebusweni bensimbi ivikelwe kahle kusixazululo, i-Mott-Schottky, ngokusho kwemiphumela engenhla ye-XPS nezincwadi ezihlobene 13,56,57,58, ifilimu ikakhulukazi. udlula kulokhu okulandelayo Lena inqubo ye-oxidation ye-Fe ne-Cr.
I-Fe2+ incibilika kalula futhi ihle ku-interface 53 phakathi kwefilimu nesixazululo, futhi inqubo yokusabela kwe-cathodic imi kanje:
Esimeni sokugqwala, kwakhiwa ifilimu enezingqimba ezimbili, equkethe ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwensimbi ne-chromium oxides kanye nongqimba lwe-hydroxide yangaphandle, futhi ama-ion avame ukukhula ezimbotsheni zefilimu.Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwefilimu edlulayo kuhlobene nezici zayo ze-semiconductor, njengoba kufakazelwa ijika le-Mott-Schottky, okubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwefilimu edlulayo kuwuhlobo lwe-n+p futhi lunezici ze-bipolar.Imiphumela ye-XPS ibonisa ukuthi ungqimba lwangaphandle lwefilimu edlulayo ikakhulukazi lwakhiwe ama-Fe oxides nama-hydroxides abonisa izakhiwo ze-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-n, futhi ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwakhiwe ikakhulukazi ama-Cr oxides nama-hydroxide abonisa izakhiwo ze-p-type semiconductor.
I-2205 DSS inokumelana okuphezulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-Cr17.54 futhi ikhombisa amazinga ahlukahlukene omgodi ngenxa ye-microscopic galvanic corrosion55 phakathi kwezakhiwo eziyi-duplex.I-Pitting corrosion ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokugqwala ku-DSS, futhi izinga lokushisa lingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithonya ukuziphatha kokugqwala kwe-pitting futhi kunomthelela kuzinqubo ze-thermodynamic kanye ne-kinetic zokusabela kwe-DSS60,61.Imvamisa, kusixazululo esifanisiwe esine-Cl ephezulu kanye ne-CO2 egcwele, izinga lokushisa liphinde lithinte ukwakheka kwe-pitting kanye nokuqaliswa kwemifantu ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi ngaphansi kokuqhekeka kwe-corrosion yokucindezeleka, futhi izinga lokushisa elibalulekile le-pitting lizimisele ukuhlola. ukumelana nokugqwala.I-DSS.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ezibonisa ukuzwela kwe-matrix yensimbi kuzinga lokushisa, ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa njengereferensi ebalulekile ekukhethweni kwempahla ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela.Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile le-pitting elibalulekile elingu-2205 DSS esixazululweni esilingisiwe lingu-66.9°C, elingu-25.6°C ngaphezu kwalokho kwe-Super 13Cr yensimbi engagqwali engu-3.5% NaCl, kodwa ukujula komgodi kufinyelele ku-12.9 µm62.Imiphumela ye-electrochemical iphinde yaqinisekisa ukuthi izifunda ezivundlile ze-engeli yesigaba kanye nefrikhwensi encane ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, futhi njengoba i-engeli yesigaba iyancipha isuka ku-79° iye ku-58°, inani elithi |Z|iyancipha isuka ku-1.26×104 iye ku-1.58×103 Ω cm2.ukushaja ukudluliswa ukumelana I-Rct yehle isuka ku-2.958 1014 yaya ku-2.541 103 Ω cm2, ukumelana nesixazululo Rs kwehle kusuka ku-2.953 kuya ku-2.469 Ω cm2, ukumelana kwefilimu Rf kwehle kusuka ku-5.430 10-4 cm2 kuya ku-1.147 10-3 cm2.I-conductivity yesisombululo esinolaka iyanda, ukuzinza kwesendlalelo sefilimu ye-matrix yensimbi kuncipha, kuhlakazeka futhi kuqhekeke kalula.I-self-corrosion density yamanje ikhuphuke isuka ku-1.482 yaya ku-2.893 × 10-6 A cm-2, futhi amandla okuzilimaza ancipha ukusuka ku-0.532 kuya ku-0.621V.Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa kuthinta ubuqotho kanye nokuminyana kwesendlalelo sefilimu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-Cl- kanye nesisombululo esigcwele se-CO2 kancane kancane kukhulisa amandla okukhangisa we-Cl- ebusweni befilimu edlulayo ngezinga lokushisa elikhulayo, ukuzinza kwefilimu ye-passivation kuba nokungazinzi, kanye nomphumela wokuvikela i-substrate iba buthaka futhi amathuba okuba ne-pitting ayanda.Kulokhu, umsebenzi wama-ion agqwalayo esixazululweni uyakhula, okuqukethwe kwe-oksijini kuyehla, futhi ifilimu engaphezulu yezinto ezigqwalile kunzima ukuyibuyisela ngokushesha, okudala izimo ezivumayo zokwengezwa okwengeziwe kwama-ion agqwalayo phezulu.Ukwehliswa kwezinto63.URobinson et al.[64] wabonisa ukuthi ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lesixazululo, izinga lokukhula kwemigodi liyashesha, futhi izinga lokusabalalisa ama-ion kusixazululo nalo liyakhula.Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku-65 °C, ukuchithwa komoya-mpilo esixazululweni esiqukethe ama-Cl-ions kunciphisa inqubo yokusabela kwe-cathodic, izinga lokugoba liyehla.I-Han20 iphenye umthelela wezinga lokushisa ekuziphatheni kokugqwala kwe-2205 duplex stainless steel endaweni ye-CO2.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kwandisa inani lemikhiqizo egqwalile kanye nendawo yemigodi enciphayo ebusweni bento.Ngokufanayo, lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lifinyelela ku-150°C, ifilimu ye-oxide engaphezulu iyaphuka, futhi ukuminyana kwama-craters kuphakeme kakhulu.I-Lu4 yaphenya umthelela wezinga lokushisa ekuziphatheni kokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex engu-2205 kusukela ekuguquguqukeni kuya ekusebenzeni endaweni eshisayo equkethe i-CO2.Imiphumela yabo ibonisa ukuthi ekuhlolweni kokushisa okungaphansi kwe-150 ° C, ifilimu eyenziwe inesakhiwo se-amorphous isici, futhi isikhombimsebenzisi sangaphakathi siqukethe isendlalelo esicebile se-nickel, futhi ekushiseni kwe-300 ° C, umkhiqizo wokugqwala ovelayo unesakhiwo se-nanoscale. .-i-polycrystalline FeCr2O4, i-CrOOH ne-NiFe2O4.
Emkhiwaneni.11 wumdwebo wenqubo yokugqwala kanye nokwakheka kwefilimu ka-2205 DSS.Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, i-2205 DSS yenza ifilimu edlulayo emkhathini.Ngemva kokucwiliswa endaweni elingisa isixazululo esiqukethe izixazululo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-Cl- ne-CO2, ingaphezulu layo lizungezwe ngokushesha ama-ion ahlukahlukene anolaka (Cl-, CO32-, njll.).).I-J. Banas 65 yafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi endaweni lapho i-CO2 ikhona ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuzinza kwefilimu edlulayo ebusweni bezinto kuzokwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi i-carbonic acid eyenziwe ijwayele ukwandisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-ion ku-passivating. ungqimba.ifilimu kanye nokusheshisa ukuqedwa kwama-ion kufilimu edlulayo.ifilimu edlulayo.Ngakho-ke, ungqimba lwefilimu endaweni yesampula lusesigabeni sokulinganisa esiguqukayo sokuqedwa kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha66, i-Cl- inciphisa izinga lokwakheka kongqimba lwefilimu engaphezulu, bese kuvela imigodi emincane endaweni eseduze yendawo yefilimu, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Bonisa.Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 11a no-b, imigodi emincane yokugqwala engazinzile ivela ngesikhathi esisodwa.Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, umsebenzi wama-ion abolayo esixazululweni kungqimba lwefilimu uyakhula, futhi ukujula kwemigodi emincane engazinzile kuyanda kuze kube yilapho ungqimba lwefilimu lungena ngokuphelele ngale osobala, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 11c.Ngokukhuphuka okwengeziwe kwezinga lokushisa lendawo encibilikayo, okuqukethwe kwe-CO2 encibilikisiwe esixazululweni kuyashesha, okuholela ekwehleni kwenani le-pH lesixazululo, ukwanda kokuqina kwemigodi emincane yokugqwala engazinzile endaweni ye-SPP. , ukujula kwemigodi yokuqala yokugqwala kuyakhula futhi kujule, futhi ifilimu edlulayo endaweni eyisampula Njengoba ukushuba kuncipha, ifilimu edlulayo ijwayele ukugoba njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 11d.Futhi imiphumela ye-electrochemical iphinde yaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa kunomphumela othile ekuthembekeni nasekumineni kwefilimu.Ngakho-ke, kungabonakala ukuthi ukugqwala kwezixazululo ezigcwele i-CO2 equkethe ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-Cl- kuhluke kakhulu ekugqwaleni ezixazululweni eziqukethe ukugxila okuphansi kwe-Cl-67,68.
Inqubo yeCorrosion 2205 DSS ngokwakhiwa nokucekelwa phansi kwefilimu entsha.(a) Inqubo 1, (b) Inqubo 2, (c) Inqubo 3, (d) Inqubo 4.
Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile le-pitting elingu-2205 DSS kusixazululo esilingisiwe esiqukethe u-100 g/l Cl– kanye ne-CO2 egcwele ngu-66.9 ℃, futhi ukujula okukhulu kwe-pitting kungu-12.9 µm, okunciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala okungu-2205 DSS futhi kukhuphule ukuzwela kokugoba .ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-16-2023