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I-Metal hydrides (MH) ibhekwa njengenye yeqembu elifanele kakhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo zokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen ngenxa yomthamo wawo omkhulu wokugcina i-hydrogen, ukucindezela okuphansi kokusebenza nokuphepha okuphezulu.Kodwa-ke, i-kinetics yabo yokuthatha i-hydrogen evilaphayo inciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwesitoreji.Ukususwa kokushisa okusheshayo kusitoreji se-MH kungase kudlale indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni izinga lokuthatha i-hydrogen, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kwesitoreji.Mayelana nalokhu, lolu cwaningo lwaluhloselwe ukuthuthukisa izici zokudlulisa ukushisa ukuze kube nomthelela omuhle izinga lokuthatha i-hydrogen yesistimu yokugcina i-MH.Ikhoyili entsha ye-semi-cylindrical yaqalwa yathuthukiswa futhi yalungiselelwa ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen futhi yafakwa njengesishintshisi somoya onjengokushisa sangaphakathi (HTF).Ngokusekelwe kosayizi abahlukene bephimbo, umthelela wokulungiselelwa okusha kwesishintshi sokushisa uyahlaziywa futhi uqhathaniswe nejiyomethri yekhoyili ye-helical evamile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapharamitha okusebenza okugcinwa kwe-MG ne-GTP afundwe ngezinombolo ukuze kutholwe amanani afanele.Ekulingiseni izinombolo, kusetshenziswa i-ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2.Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwethangi lokugcina le-MH kungathuthukiswa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-semi-cylindrical coil heat exchanger (SCHE).Uma kuqhathaniswa nezishintshisi zokushisa zekhoyili evunguzayo, ubude bokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen buncishiswa ngo-59%.Ibanga elincane phakathi kwamakhoyili e-SCHE liholele ekuncipheni kwesikhathi sokumunca ngama-61%.Ngokuqondene nemingcele yokusebenza yesitoreji se-MG kusetshenziswa i-SHE, yonke imingcele ekhethiwe iholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kwenqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa endaweni yokungena ku-HTS.
Kunoguquko lwembulunga yonke lusuka emandleni olususelwe kumafutha ensalela kuya kumandla avuselelekayo.Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo eziningi zamandla avuselelekayo zinikeza amandla ngendlela eguquguqukayo, ukugcinwa kwamandla kuyadingeka ukuze kulinganiswe umthwalo.Isitoreji samandla esisekelwe ku-hydrogen sidonse ukunaka okukhulu kule njongo, ikakhulukazi ngoba i-hydrogen ingasetshenziswa njengenye indlela “eluhlaza” okuphatha uphethiloli namandla ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo nokuphatheka kwayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrogen iphinde inikeze okuqukethwe kwamandla okuphezulu ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi2.Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zokugcina amandla e-hydrogen: ukugcinwa kwegesi ecindezelwe, ukugcinwa ngaphansi komhlaba, ukugcinwa koketshezi, kanye nesitoreji esiqinile.I-hydrogen ecindezelwe wuhlobo oluyinhloko olusetshenziswa ezimotweni zamaseli kaphethiloli njengamabhasi nama-forklift.Nokho, lesi sitoreji sinikeza ukuminyana kwenqwaba ye-hydrogen (cishe u-0.089 kg/m3) futhi sinezinkinga zokuphepha ezihlotshaniswa nokucindezela okuphezulu kokusebenza3.Ngokusekelwe kunqubo yokuguqulwa kuzinga lokushisa eliphansi le-ambient kanye nokucindezela, isitoreji soketshezi sizogcina i-hydrogen oketshezini.Kodwa-ke, lapho kufakwe uketshezi, cishe u-40% wamandla uyalahleka.Ukwengeza, lobu buchwepheshe baziwa njengamandla amaningi kanye nomsebenzi onzima uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokugcina besimo esiqinile4.Ukugcina okuqinile kuyindlela esebenzayo yomnotho we-hydrogen, ogcina i-hydrogen ngokuhlanganisa i-hydrogen ezintweni eziqinile ngokumuncwa nokukhulula i-hydrogen ngokuyikhipha.I-Metal hydride (MH), ubuchwepheshe bokugcina izinto eziqinile, inentshisekelo yakamuva ekusetshenzisweni kwamaseli kaphethiloli ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu we-hydrogen, ukucindezela okuphansi kokusebenza, nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokugcinwa koketshezi, futhi ifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimile neselula6,7 In. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ze-MH nazo zinikeza izakhiwo zokuphepha ezifana nokugcinwa okuphumelelayo komthamo omkhulu8.Kodwa-ke, kunenkinga ebeka umkhawulo ekukhiqizeni kwe-MG: ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal ephansi ye-reactor ye-MG kuholela ekumunceni kancane kanye nokukhishwa kwe-hydrogen.
Ukudlulisa ukushisa okufanele ngesikhathi sokusabela kwe-exothermic kanye ne-endothermic kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwama-reactor e-MH.Ngenqubo yokulayisha i-hydrogen, ukushisa okukhiqiziwe kufanele kukhishwe ku-reactor ukuze kulawulwe ukugeleza kokulayisha i-hydrogen ngenani elifiswayo ngomthamo omkhulu wokugcina.Esikhundleni salokho, ukushisa kuyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokuguquguquka kwe-hydrogen ngesikhathi sokukhishwa.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokushisa nokudluliswa kwenqwaba, abacwaningi abaningi baye bafunda ukuklama nokwenza kahle ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningi ezifana namapharamitha okusebenza, ukwakheka kwe-MG, kanye nokwenza kahle kwe-MG11.Ukuthuthukisa i-MG kungenziwa ngokungeza izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokusebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu njengezinsimbi zegwebu kuzingqimba ze-MG 12,13.Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwe-thermal kunganyuswa kusuka ku-0.1 kuya ku-2 W/mK10.Kodwa-ke, ukungezwa kwezinto eziqinile kunciphisa kakhulu amandla we-reactor ye-MN.Mayelana nemingcele yokusebenza, ukuthuthukiswa kungafinyelelwa ngokuthuthukisa izimo zokusebenza zokuqala ze-MG layer and coolant (HTF).Isakhiwo se-MG singathuthukiswa ngenxa yejometri ye-reactor kanye nomklamo wesishintshi sokushisa.Ngokuphathelene nokucushwa kwe-MH reactor heat exchanger, izindlela zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili.Lezi izishintshi zokushisa zangaphakathi ezakhelwe kungqimba lwe-MO nezishintshisi zokushisa zangaphandle ezimboza ungqimba lwe-MO njengamafins, amajakhethi okupholisa namabhavu amanzi.Ngokuphathelene nomshini wokushisa wangaphandle, i-Kaplan16 ihlaziye ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH, isebenzisa amanzi okupholisa njengejazi lokunciphisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-reactor.Imiphumela iqhathaniswe ne-22 round fin reactor kanye nenye irector epholiswe yi-convection yemvelo.Basho ukuthi ukuba khona kwejazi lokupholisa kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa le-MH, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise izinga lokumunca.Ucwaningo lwezinombolo lwe-reactor ye-MH enejakhethi yamanzi ngu-Patil no-Gopal17 lubonise ukuthi ingcindezi yokunikezwa kwe-hydrogen kanye nezinga lokushisa le-HTF yimingcele eyinhloko ethonya izinga lokuthatha i-hydrogen kanye nokuchithwa.
Ukwandisa indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ngokungeza amaphiko kanye nezishintshi zokushisa ezakhelwe ku-MH kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokushisa nokudlulisa okukhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukusebenza kwesitoreji se-MH18.Ukucushwa okuningana kwesishintshi sokushisa kwangaphakathi (ithubhu eliqondile nekhoyili elivunguzayo) kuklanyelwe ukuzungeza into epholile kureactor ye-MH19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26.Ngokusebenzisa isishintshi sokushisa sangaphakathi, uketshezi olupholisa noma lokushisisa luzodlulisela ukushisa kwasendaweni ngaphakathi kwereactor ye-MH phakathi nenqubo ye-hydrogen adsorption.U-Raju no-Kumar [27] basebenzise amashubhu amaningana aqondile njengezishintshisi zokushisa ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kwe-MG.Imiphumela yabo yabonisa ukuthi izikhathi zokumunca zancishiswa lapho amashubhu aqondile esetshenziswa njengama-heat exchangers.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamashubhu aqondile kunciphisa isikhathi sokuchithwa kwe-hydrogen28.Amazinga okugeleza okupholisa aphezulu akhuphula izinga lokushaja nokukhipha i-hydrogen29.Kodwa-ke, ukwandisa inani lamashubhu okupholisa kunomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwe-MH kunezinga lokugeleza kokupholisa30,31.U-Raju et al.32 usebenzise i-LaMi4.7Al0.3 njengento esetshenziswayo ye-MH ukutadisha ukusebenza kwezishintshi zokushisa eziningi kuma-reactor.Babike ukuthi amapharamitha okusebenza abe nomthelela omkhulu enqubweni yokumuncwa, ikakhulukazi ukucindezela kokuphakelayo bese kuba izinga lokugeleza kwe-HTF.Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa lokumunca liye laba bucayi kangako.
Ukusebenza kwe-MH reactor kuthuthukiswa nakakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwe-spiral coil heat exchanger ngenxa yokudlulisa ukushisa okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa namashubhu aqondile.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umjikelezo wesibili ungasusa kangcono ukushisa ku-reactor25.Ukwengeza, amashubhu okuvunguza ahlinzeka ngendawo enkulu yokudlulisa ukushisa kusuka kungqimba lwe-MH kuya kokupholisayo.Uma le ndlela yethulwa ngaphakathi kwe-reactor, ukusatshalaliswa kwamashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa nakho kufana kakhulu33.Wang et al.34 yafunda umphumela wobude besikhathi sokuthatha i-hydrogen ngokungeza ikhoyili ye-helical kureactor ye-MH.Imiphumela yabo ibonisa ukuthi njengoba i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa kwesipholile, isikhathi sokumunca siyancipha.Wu et al.25 iphenye ukusebenza kwama-MH asekelwe ku-Mg2Ni kanye nezishintshisi zokushisa zekhoyili eziboshiwe.Ucwaningo lwabo lwezinombolo lubonise ukuncipha kwesikhathi sokuphendula.Ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa kureactor ye-MN kusekelwe esilinganisweni esincane se-screw pitch to screw pitch kanye ne-dimensionless screw pitch.Ucwaningo lokuhlola olwenziwa ngu-Mellouli et al.21 lisebenzisa ikhoyili egoqiwe njengesishintshi sokushisa sangaphakathi lubonise ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokuqala le-HTF linomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukumuncwa kwe-hydrogen kanye nesikhathi sokuncibilika.Inhlanganisela yezishintshi zokushisa zangaphakathi ezihlukene zenziwe ezifundweni eziningana.Eisapur et al.35 yafunda isitoreji se-hydrogen isebenzisa isishintshi sokushisa sekhoyili esivunguzayo esineshubhu eliphakathi lokubuya ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen.Imiphumela yabo yabonisa ukuthi ithubhu elivunguzayo kanye neshubhu eliphakathi lokubuya lithuthukisa kakhulu ukudluliswa kokushisa phakathi kwe-coolent ne-MG.Iphimbo elincane kanye nobubanzi obukhulu beshubhu elivunguzayo kwandisa izinga lokushisa nokudluliselwa okukhulu.U-Ardahaie et al.Abangu-36 basebenzise amashubhu ayisicaba ayisicaba njengezishintshi zokushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukudluliswa kokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-reactor.Babike ukuthi isikhathi sokumuncwa sincishisiwe ngokwandisa inani lezindiza eziyisicaba ezivunguzayo.Inhlanganisela yezishintshi zokushisa zangaphakathi ezihlukene zenziwe ezifundweni eziningana.Dhau et al.37 ithuthukise ukusebenza kwe-MH isebenzisa isishintshi sokushisa sekhoyili esiboshiwe namaphiko.Imiphumela yabo ibonisa ukuthi le ndlela inciphisa isikhathi sokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ngesici se-2 uma kuqhathaniswa necala elingenawo amaphiko.Ama-annular fins ahlanganiswe namashubhu okupholisa futhi akhelwe ku-reactor ye-MN.Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibonisa ukuthi le ndlela ehlanganisiwe inikeza ukudluliswa kokushisa okufanayo ngokuqhathaniswa ne-reactor ye-MH ngaphandle kwamaphiko.Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanganisa abashintshi bokushisa abahlukene kuzothinta kabi isisindo nevolumu ye-reactor ye-MH.U-Wu et al.18 uqhathanise ukulungiselelwa okuhlukile kwesishintshi sokushisa.Lokhu kufaka phakathi amashubhu aqondile, amaphiko kanye namakhoyili asongekile.Ababhali babika ukuthi amakhoyili avunguzayo ahlinzeka ngentuthuko engcono kakhulu ekushiseni nasekudlulisweni kwenqwaba.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa namashubhu aqondile, amashubhu ahlanganisiwe, namashubhu aqondile ahlanganiswe namashubhu asongele, amakhoyili amabili anomphumela ongcono ekuthuthukiseni ukudluliswa kokushisa.Ucwaningo lukaSekhar et al.I-40 ibonise ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okufanayo ekuthathweni kwe-hydrogen kwafinyelelwa kusetshenziswa ikhoyili e-spiral njengesishintshi sokushisa sangaphakathi kanye nejazi lokupholisa langaphandle elinezinsimbi.
Ezibonelweni ezibalulwe ngenhla, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhoyili avunguzayo njengezishintshisi zokushisa zangaphakathi kunikeza ukuthuthukiswa okungcono kokushisa nokudlulisa okukhulu kunezinye izishintshi zokushisa, ikakhulukazi amashubhu aqondile namafins.Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ikhoyili evunguzayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokudlulisa ukushisa.Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwakhiwa ikhoyili entsha ye-semi-cylindrical ngokusekelwe ku-MH yokugcina ikhoyili ye-helical.Lolu cwaningo kulindeleke ukuthi luthuthukise ukusebenza kwesitoreji se-hydrogen ngokucabangela idizayini entsha yesishintshi sokushisa enesakhiwo esingcono sokudlulisa ukushisa esinikezwa umthamo ongaguquki wombhede we-MH namashubhu e-HTF.Ukusebenza kwesitoreji kwalesi sishintshi sokushisa esisha kwase kuqhathaniswa nezishintshisi zokushisa zekhoyili ezungezayo ezisekelwe kumakhoyili ahlukahlukene.Ngokusho kwezincwadi ezikhona, izimo zokusebenza kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamakhoyili yizici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukusebenza kwama-reactors e-MH.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe idizayini yalesi sishintshi sokushisa esisha, umthelela wezikhala zekhoyili esikhathini sokuthatha i-hydrogen kanye nevolumu ye-MH iye yaphenywa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuqondwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwamakhoyili amasha e-hemi-cylindrical nezimo zokusebenza, inhloso yesibili yalolu cwaningo bekuwukufunda izici ze-reactor ngokuya ngezigaba ezahlukene zepharamitha yokusebenza nokunquma amanani afanele okusebenza ngakunye. imodi.ipharamitha.
Ukusebenza kwedivayisi yokugcina amandla e-hydrogen kulolu cwaningo kuphenywa ngokusekelwe ekucushweni okubili kokushintshisana kokushisa (kuhlanganise namashubhu asongelwe ezimweni 1 kuya ku-3 namashubhu angama-semi-cylindrical ezimweni 4 kuya ku-6) kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuzwela kwemingcele yokusebenza.Ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH kwahlolwa okokuqala ngqa kusetshenziswa ishubhu elivunguzayo njengesishintshi sokushisa.Kokubili ipayipi likawoyela elipholile kanye nomkhumbi we-MH we-reactor zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali.Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubukhulu be-reactor ye-MG kanye nobubanzi bamapayipi e-GTF babuhlala njalo kuzo zonke izimo, kuyilapho amasayizi wesinyathelo se-GTF ayehluka.Lesi sigaba sihlaziya umphumela wosayizi wephimbo wamakhoyili e-HTF.Ubude nobubanzi bangaphandle be-reactor babungu-110 mm no-156 mm, ngokulandelana.Ububanzi bepayipi likawoyela elihambisa ukushisa lisethwe ku-6mm.Bheka Isigaba Esingeziwe ukuze uthole imininingwane yomdwebo wesekethe ye-MH enamashubhu asongelwe namashubhu amabili angama-semicylindrical.
Emkhiwaneni.I-1a ibonisa i-MH spiral tube reactor kanye nobukhulu bayo.Wonke amapharamitha wejometri anikezwe etafuleni.1. Umthamo ophelele we-helix kanye nomthamo we-ZG cishe u-100 cm3 no-2000 cm3, ngokulandelana.Kusukela kulesi siphehli se-MH, umoya osesimweni se-HTF wawususelwe ku-reactor ye-MH enezimbotshana kusuka ngezansi ngeshubhu elivunguzayo, futhi i-hydrogen yethulwa ukusuka phezulu kwe-reactor.
Ukwakheka kwamajiyometri akhethiwe ama-metal hydride reactors.a) ngesishintshi sokushisa esiyi-spiral-tubular, b) nesishintshi sokushisa se-semi-cylindrical tubular.
Ingxenye yesibili ihlola ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH ngokusekelwe ku-semi-cylindrical tube njengesishintshi sokushisa.Emkhiwaneni.I-1b ibonisa i-reactor ye-MN enamashubhu amabili angama-semicylindrical kanye nobukhulu bawo.Ithebula 1 libala yonke imingcele yejometri yamapayipi angama-semi-cylindrical, ahlala engashintshi, ngaphandle kwebanga eliphakathi kwawo.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ithubhu ye-semi-cylindrical ku-Case 4 yaklanywa ngevolumu engaguquki yeshubhu le-HTF ne-MH ingxubevange kushubhu elihlanganisiwe (inketho yesi-3).Ngokuqondene nomkhiwane.1b, umoya wabuye wethulwa kusukela phansi kwamashubhu amabili e-HTF angama-semi-cylindrical, futhi i-hydrogen yethulwa ngokuphambene ne-reactor ye-MH.
Ngenxa yedizayini entsha yesishintshi sokushisa, inhloso yalesi sigaba ukunquma amanani okuqala afanele amapharamitha okusebenza we-MH reactor ehlanganiswe ne-SCHE.Kuzo zonke izimo, umoya wawusetshenziswa njengesipholisa ukususa ukushisa ku-reactor.Phakathi kwamafutha okudlulisa ukushisa, umoya namanzi kuvame ukukhethwa njengamafutha okudlulisa ukushisa kwama-reactors e-MH ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphansi kanye nomthelela ophansi wemvelo.Ngenxa yobubanzi bokushisa obuphezulu bokusebenza kwama-alloys asekelwe ku-magnesium, umoya ukhethwe njengesipholiso kulolu cwaningo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi inezici zokugeleza ezingcono kunezinye izinsimbi eziwuketshezi nosawoti oncibilikisiwe41.Ithebula lesi-2 libala izakhiwo zomoya ku-573 K. Ukuze kuhlaziywe ukuzwela kulesi sigaba, kuphela ukulungiselelwa okungcono kakhulu kwezinketho zokusebenza ze-MH-SCHE (ezimweni 4 kuya ku-6) zisetshenziswa.Izilinganiso kulesi sigaba zisekelwe kumapharamitha okusebenza ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa lokuqala le-reactor ye-MH, ukucindezela kokulayisha i-hydrogen, izinga lokushisa lokungena kwe-HTF, kanye nenombolo ye-Reynolds ebalwa ngokushintsha izinga le-HTF.Ithebula lesi-3 liqukethe yonke imingcele yokusebenza esetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kokuzwela.
Lesi sigaba sichaza zonke izilinganiso zokulawula ezidingekayo zenqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen, isiphithiphithi nokudluliswa kokushisa kwezipholile.
Ukwenza lula isisombululo sokusabela kokuthatha i-hydrogen, ukuqagela okulandelayo kwenziwa futhi kuhlinzekwe;
Ngesikhathi sokumuncwa, izakhiwo ze-thermophysical ze-hydrogen ne-metal hydrides azishintshi.
I-Hydrogen ithathwa njengegesi ekahle, ngakho-ke izimo zokulinganisa ezishisayo zendawo43,44 ziyacatshangelwa.
lapho \({L}_{gas}\) okuyirediyasi yethangi, futhi \({L}_{heat}\) kuwubude be-axial bethangi.Uma i-N ingaphansi kuka-0.0146, ukugeleza kwe-hydrogen ethangini kungashaywa indiva ekufanisweni ngaphandle kwephutha elibalulekile.Ngokocwaningo lwamanje, i-N iphansi kakhulu kune-0.1.Ngakho-ke, umphumela we-gradient wokucindezela unganakwa.
Izindonga ze-reactor zazifakwe kahle kuzo zonke izimo.Ngakho-ke, akukho ukushintshaniswa kokushisa okungu-47 phakathi kwe-reactor nemvelo.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-alloys asekelwe ku-Mg anezici ezinhle ze-hydrogenation kanye nomthamo ophezulu we-hydrogen wokugcina kuze kufike ku-7.6 wt%8.Ngokuya ngezinhlelo zokugcina ze-hydrogen eziqinile, lawa ma-alloys ayaziwa nangokuthi izinto ezingasindi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, banokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu nokuhleleka okuhle8.Phakathi kwama-alloys ambalwa asekelwe ku-Mg, i-Mg2Ni-based MgNi alloy ingenye yezinketho ezifanele kakhulu zokugcinwa kwe-MH ngenxa yomthamo wayo wokugcina we-hydrogen ofinyelela ku-6 wt%.Ama-alloys e-Mg2Ni aphinde ahlinzeke nge-adsorption esheshayo kanye ne-desorption kinetics uma kuqhathaniswa ne-MgH48 alloy.Ngakho-ke, i-Mg2Ni ikhethwe njengensimbi ye-hydride kulolu cwaningo.
I-equation yamandla ichazwa njengo-25 ngokusekelwe ebhalansi yokushisa phakathi kwe-hydrogen ne-Mg2Ni hydride:
U-X inani le-hydrogen elimuncwe endaweni yensimbi, iyunithi \(isisindo\%\), ibalwa kusukela kuzibalo zekinetic \(\frac{dX}{dt}\) phakathi nokumuncwa kanje49:
lapho \({C}_{a}\) okuyisilinganiso sokusabela futhi \({E}_{a}\) amandla okwenza kusebenze.\({P}_{a,eq}\) ingcindezi elinganayo ngaphakathi kwe-metal hydride reactor phakathi nenqubo yokumuncwa, enikezwe isibalo se-van't Hoff kanje25:
Lapho \({P}_{ref}\) kunokucindezela kwesithenjwa okungu-0.1 MPa.\(\Delta H\) kanye \(\Delta S\) yi-enthalpy kanye ne-entropy yokusabela, ngokulandelanayo.Izakhiwo zama-alloys Mg2Ni kanye ne-hydrogen zivezwa etafuleni.4. Uhlu oluqanjiwe lungatholakala esigabeni sokwengeza.
Ukugeleza koketshezi kuthathwa njengokuyaluza ngenxa yokuthi isivinini sakhona kanye nenombolo ye-Reynolds (Re) ingu-78.75 ms-1 no-14000, ngokulandelana.Kulolu cwaningo, kukhethwe imodeli ye-k-ε turbulence model efinyelelekayo.Kuyaphawulwa ukuthi le ndlela inikeza ukunemba okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ze-k-ε, futhi idinga isikhathi esincane sokubala kunezindlela ze-RNG k-ε50,51.Bheka Isigaba Esingeziwe ukuze uthole imininingwane yezibalo eziyisisekelo zoketshezi oludluliswa ukushisa.
Ekuqaleni, izinga lokushisa ku-reactor ye-MN lalifana, kanti ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrogen okujwayelekile kwakungu-0.043.Kucatshangwa ukuthi umngcele wangaphandle we-reactor ye-MH ufakwe kahle.Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-Magnesium ngokuvamile adinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusabela ukuze agcine futhi akhulule i-hydrogen ku-reactor.Ingxubevange ye-Mg2Ni idinga izinga lokushisa elingu-523–603 K ukuze imunce kakhulu kanye nebanga lokushisa elingu-573–603 K ukuze i-desorption52 ephelele.Kodwa-ke, izifundo zokuhlola zika-Muthukumar et al.53 zibonise ukuthi umthamo wokugcina we-Mg2Ni wesitoreji se-hydrogen ungafinyelelwa ekushiseni okusebenzayo kwe-573 K, okuhambisana nekhono layo lethiyori.Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa elingu-573 K likhethwe njengezinga lokushisa lokuqala le-reactor ye-MN kulolu cwaningo.
Dala osayizi begridi abahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe nemiphumela ethembekile.Emkhiwaneni.I-2 ibonisa izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ezindaweni ezikhethiwe kunqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen ezingxenyeni ezine ezihlukene.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi icala elilodwa kuphela lokucushwa ngakunye likhethiwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuzimela kwegridi ngenxa yejometri efanayo.Indlela efanayo ye-meshing isetshenziswa kwezinye izimo.Ngakho-ke, khetha inketho 1 yepayipi elivunguzayo kanye nenketho yesi-4 yepayipi le-semi-cylindrical.Emkhiwaneni.2a, b ibonisa izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ku-reactor yezinketho 1 no-4, ngokulandelanayo.Izindawo ezintathu ezikhethiwe zimelela izinga lokushisa lombhede phezulu, maphakathi, nangaphansi kwe-reactor.Ngokusekelwe ku-contour yezinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezikhethiwe, izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi liyazinza futhi libonise ushintsho oluncane kuzinombolo zama-elementi 428,891 kanye no-430,599 wesimo 1 no-4, ngokulandelanayo.Ngakho-ke, lab’ osayizi begridi bakhethelwa ukubalwa okwengeziwe kwekhompyutha.Ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngezinga lokushisa lombhede eliyisilinganiso lenqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen yosayizi abahlukahlukene bamaseli namameshi acwengisiswe ngokulandelana kuzo zombili izimo inikezwa esigabeni esingeziwe.
Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lombhede ezindaweni ezikhethiwe kunqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen kureactor ye-hydride yensimbi enezinombolo zegridi ezihlukene.(a) Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ezindaweni ezikhethiwe zekesi 1 kanye (b) Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ezindaweni ezikhethiwe endaweni engu-4.
I-Mg-based metal hydride reactor kulolu cwaningo ihlolwe ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlola ka-Muthukumar et al.53.Ocwaningweni lwabo, basebenzisa ingxubevange ye-Mg2Ni ukuze bagcine i-hydrogen kumashubhu ensimbi engagqwali.Amaphiko ethusi asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-reactor.Emkhiwaneni.I-3a ibonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lombhede wenqubo yokumuncwa phakathi kocwaningo lokuhlola nalolu cwaningo.Izimo zokusebenza ezikhethelwe lokhu kuhlolwa yilezi: izinga lokushisa lokuqala le-MG elingu-573 K kanye nomfutho we-inlet ongu-2 MPa.Kusukela emkhiwaneni.3a kungaboniswa ngokucacile ukuthi lo mphumela wokuhlola uvumelana kahle nowamanje ngokuphathelene nezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwemodeli.(a) Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhodi kwe-Mg2Ni metal hydride reactor ngokuqhathanisa ucwaningo lwamanje nomsebenzi wokuhlola ka-Muthukumar et al.52, kanye (b) nokuqinisekiswa kwemodeli yokugeleza kwe-spiral tube turbulent flow ngokuqhathanisa ucwaningo lwamanje nalolo luka-Kumar et al. .Ucwaningo.54.
Ukuhlola imodeli ye-turbulence, imiphumela yalolu cwaningo yaqhathaniswa nemiphumela yokuhlola ka-Kumar et al.54 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwemodeli ye-turbulence ekhethiwe.U-Kumar et al.54 bafunde ukugeleza okuneziyaluyalu kusishintshi sokushisa esisonga nge-tube-in-pipe.Amanzi asetshenziswa njengoketshezi olushisayo nolubandayo olujova ezinhlangothini ezihlukene.Amazinga okushisa oketshezi olushisayo nabandayo angama-323 K no-300 K, ngokulandelana.Izinombolo ze-Reynolds zisukela ku-3100 kuye ku-5700 oketshezini olushisayo futhi zisuka ku-21,000 ziye ku-35,000 zoketshezi olubandayo.Izinombolo zama-Dean zingu-550-1000 zoketshezi olushisayo kanye no-3600-6000 oketshezi olubandayo.Ububanzi bepayipi elingaphakathi (loketshezi olushisayo) kanye nepayipi elingaphandle (loketshezi olubandayo) lingu-0.0254 m no-0.0508 m, ngokulandelana.Ububanzi nephimbo lekhoyili ye-helical 0.762 m no-0.100 m, ngokulandelana.Emkhiwaneni.I-3b ibonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela yokuhlola neyamanje yamapheya ahlukahlukene ezinombolo ze-Nusselt ne-Dean zokupholisa kushubhu elingaphakathi.Amamodeli amathathu ahlukene esiphithiphithi asetshenziswa futhi aqhathaniswa nemiphumela yokuhlola.Njengoba kuboniswe emkhiwaneni.3b, imiphumela yemodeli yesiphithiphithi ye-k-ε efinyelelekayo ivumelana kahle nedatha yokuhlola.Ngakho-ke, le modeli ikhethiwe kulolu cwaningo.
Ukulingiswa kwezinombolo kulolu cwaningo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2.Bhala Umsebenzi Ochazwe Ngumsebenzisi (UDF) futhi uwusebenzise njengetemu lokufaka lesibalo samandla ukuze ubale i-kinetics yenqubo yokumuncwa.Isifunda se-PRESTO55 kanye nendlela ye-PISO56 isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwe-pressure-velocity kanye nokulungiswa kwengcindezi.Khetha isisekelo seseli ye-Greene-Gauss yegradient eguquguqukayo.Umfutho kanye nezibalo zamandla zixazululwa ngendlela yohlelo lwesibili lomoya.Ngokuphathelene nama-coefficients wokunethezeka ngaphansi, ingcindezi, isivinini, nezingxenye zamandla kusethwe ku-0.5, 0.7, kanye no-0.7, ngokulandelana.Imisebenzi evamile yodonga isetshenziswa ku-HTF kumodeli ye-turbulence.
Lesi sigaba sethula imiphumela yokulingiswa kwezinombolo zokudlulisa ukushisa kwangaphakathi okuthuthukisiwe kwe-reactor ye-MH kusetshenziswa i-coil coil heat exchanger (HCHE) kanye ne-helical coil heat exchanger (SCHE) ngesikhathi sokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen.Umthelela wephimbo le-HTF kuzinga lokushisa lombhede we-reactor kanye nobude besikhathi sokumuncwa buhlaziywe.Imingcele yokusebenza eyinhloko yenqubo yokumuncwa iyafundwa futhi yethulwe esigabeni sokuhlaziya ukuzwela.
Ukuze kuphenywe umthelela wesikhala sekhoyili ekudlulisweni kokushisa kureactor ye-MH, kuphenywe ukulungiselelwa kwesishintshi sokushisa okuthathu okunezikhala ezihlukene.Izigcawu ezintathu ezihlukene ze-15mm, 12.86mm kanye ne-10mm ziqokwe umzimba 1, umzimba 2 kanye nomzimba 3 ngokulandelanayo.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ububanzi bepayipi bubekwe ku-6 mm ekushiseni kokuqala kwe-573 K kanye nokucindezela kokulayisha kwe-1.8 MPa kuzo zonke izimo.Emkhiwaneni.I-4 ibonisa izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lombhede kanye nokugxila kwe-hydrogen kungqimba lwe-MH phakathi nenqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen ezimweni ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-3. Ngokuvamile, ukusabela phakathi kwe-hydride yensimbi ne-hydrogen kuyingozi enkulu kwinqubo yokumuncwa.Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lombhede likhuphuka ngokushesha ngenxa yomzuzu wokuqala lapho i-hydrogen yethulwa okokuqala ku-reactor.Izinga lokushisa lombhede liyakhuphuka lize lifinyelele inani eliphakeme kakhulu bese lehla kancane kancane njengoba ukushisa kuthathwa into epholile, enezinga eliphansi lokushisa futhi esebenza njengesibambisi.Njengoba kuboniswe emkhiwaneni.I-4a, ngenxa yencazelo yangaphambilini, izinga lokushisa lesendlalelo likhula ngokushesha futhi liyancipha ngokuqhubekayo.Ukugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen yenqubo yokumuncwa ngokuvamile kusekelwe ekushiseni kombhede we-reactor ye-MH.Lapho izinga lokushisa elivamile longqimba lehla liye ezingeni elithile lokushisa, ingaphezulu lensimbi limunca i-hydrogen.Lokhu kungenxa yokusheshisa kwezinqubo ze-physisorption, i-chemisorption, ukusabalalisa kwe-hydrogen kanye nokwakheka kwama-hydrides ayo ku-reactor.Kusukela emkhiwaneni.4b kungabonakala ukuthi izinga lokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen uma kwenzeka u-3 liphansi kunezinye izimo ngenxa yenani lesinyathelo esincane se-coil exchanger heat.Lokhu kubangela ubude bepayipi lonke ubude kanye nendawo enkulu yokudlulisa ukushisa yamapayipi e-HTF.Ngokugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen okumaphakathi okungu-90%, isikhathi sokumunca se-Case 1 amasekhondi angu-46,276.Uma kuqhathaniswa nobude besikhathi sokumuncwa esimweni esingu-1, ubude bokumuncwa ezimweni 2 no-3 buncishiswe ngama-724 nama-1263 s, ngokulandelana.Isigaba sokwengeza sibonisa izinga lokushisa kanye namakhontolo okugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen ezindaweni ezikhethiwe kungqimba lwe-HCHE-MH.
Umthelela webanga phakathi kwamakhoyili ngokwesilinganiso sokushisa kongqimba nokugcwala kwe-hydrogen.(a) Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lombhede lamakhoyili ane-helical, (b) ukugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen kumakhoyili e-helical, (c) isilinganiso sokushisa sombhede samakhoyili e-hemi-cylindrical, kanye (d) nokugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen yamakhoyili e-hemi-cylindrical.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici zokudlulisa ukushisa kwe-reactor ye-MG, ama-HFC amabili adizayinelwe umthamo ongaguquki we-MG (2000 cm3) kanye nesishintshi sokushisa esivunguzayo (100 cm3) seKhetho 3. Lesi sigaba siphinde sicubungule umphumela webanga phakathi kwe- amakhoyili angu-15 mm kukesi 4, 12.86 mm kwecala 5 kanye no-10 mm kwekesi 6. Kufig.I-4c,d ibonisa izinga lokushisa lombhede elimaphakathi nokugxilwa kwenqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen ekushiseni kokuqala okungu-573 K kanye nokucindezela kokulayisha okungu-1.8 MPa.Ngokwesilinganiso sokushisa kongqimba ku-Fig. 4c, ibanga elincane phakathi kwamakhoyili uma kwenzeka u-6 linciphisa izinga lokushisa ngokuphawulekayo uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izimo ezimbili.Esimweni sesi-6, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lombhede liholela ekugxilweni kwe-hydrogen ephakeme (bheka umfanekiso we-4d).Isikhathi sokuthatha i-hydrogen se-Varianant 4 singu-19542 s, esingaphansi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 kune-Various 1-3 usebenzisa i-HCH.Ukwengeza, uma kuqhathaniswa necala lesi-4, isikhathi sokumuncwa siphinde sehliswe ngama-378 s no-1515 s ezimweni ezingu-5 no-6 ezinamabanga aphansi.Isigaba esingeziwe sibonisa izinga lokushisa kanye namakhontolo wokugxilisa i-hydrogen ezindaweni ezikhethiwe kungqimba lwe-SCHE-MH.
Ukuze ufunde ukusebenza kwezilungiselelo ezimbili zesishintshi sokushisa, lesi sigaba sihlela futhi sethule amajika okushisa ezindaweni ezintathu ezikhethiwe.Ireactor ye-MH ene-HCHE esimweni sesi-3 ikhethelwe ukuze iqhathaniswe ne-MH equkethe i-SCHE esimweni sesi-4 ngoba inevolumu ye-MH engashintshi kanye nevolumu yepayipi.Izimo zokusebenza zalokhu kuqhathaniswa kwakuyizinga lokushisa lokuqala lika-573 K kanye nokucindezela kokulayisha kwe-1.8 MPa.Emkhiwaneni.U-5a no-5b babonisa zonke izikhundla ezintathu ezikhethiwe zamaphrofayela okushisa ezimweni 3 kanye no-4, ngokulandelanayo.Emkhiwaneni.I-5c ikhombisa iphrofayili yezinga lokushisa kanye nokugxila kongqimba ngemva kwama-20,000 s wokuthatha i-hydrogen.Ngokomugqa woku-1 ku-Fig. 5c, izinga lokushisa elizungeze i-TTF kusukela kuzinketho 3 no-4 liyehla ngenxa yokudlulisa ukushisa okubambayo kwesipholile.Lokhu kubangela ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen kule ndawo.Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwama-SCHE amabili kubangela ukugxila kongqimba okuphezulu.Izimpendulo ze-kinetic ezisheshayo zitholakale endaweni ye-HTF esimweni se-4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-100% nakho kwatholakala kulesi sifunda.Kusukela kulayini wesi-2 ophakathi nendawo ye-reactor, izinga lokushisa lekesi 4 liphansi kakhulu kunezinga lokushisa elingu-3 kuzo zonke izindawo ngaphandle kwesikhungo se-reactor.Lokhu kubangela ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-hydrogen kukesi 4 ngaphandle kwesifunda esiseduze nendawo emaphakathi ye-reactor kude ne-HTF.Kodwa-ke, ukugxila kwecala lesi-3 akuzange kushintshe kakhulu.Umehluko omkhulu ezingeni lokushisa nokugxila kwesendlalelo ubonwe kulayini 3 eduze nomnyango we-GTS.Izinga lokushisa longqimba esimweni esingu-4 lehle kakhulu, okuholela ekugxilweni kwe-hydrogen okuphezulu kakhulu kulesi sifunda, kuyilapho umugqa wokugxilisa esimweni esingu-3 wawusaguquguquka.Lokhu kungenxa yokusheshisa kokudluliswa kokushisa kwe-SCHE.Imininingwane kanye nengxoxo yokuqhathanisa izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lesendlalelo se-MH kanye nepayipi le-HTF phakathi kwecala lesi-3 necala lesi-4 linikezwa esigabeni sokwengeza.
Iphrofayili yezinga lokushisa nokugxilisa umbhede ezindaweni ezikhethiwe kureactor ye-hydride yensimbi.(a) Izindawo ezikhethiwe zekesi 3, (b) Izindawo ezikhethiwe zekesi 4, kanye (c) Iphrofayili yezinga lokushisa nokugxiliswa kongqimba ezindaweni ezikhethiwe ngemva kwamasekhondi angu-20,000 ngenqubo yokuthatha i-hydrogen ezimweni 3 no-4.
Emkhiwaneni.Umfanekiso we-6 ubonisa ukuqhathaniswa kokushisa kombhede ojwayelekile (bheka u-Fig. 6a) kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-hydrogen (bheka i-Fig. 6b) yokumuncwa kwe-HCH ne-SHE.Kungabonakala kulo mfanekiso ukuthi izinga lokushisa le-MG layer liyancipha kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo yokushintshanisa ukushisa.Ukukhipha ukushisa okwengeziwe ku-reactor kubangela izinga eliphezulu lokuthatha i-hydrogen.Nakuba ukulungiselelwa okubili kokushintshisana kokushisa kunevolumu efanayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa i-HCHE njengoKhetho 3, isikhathi sokuthatha i-hydrogen ye-SCHE esisekelwe kuKhetho 4 sehliswe kakhulu ngo-59%.Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe, ukugxilwa kwe-hydrogen kokucushwa okubili kokushintshisana kokushisa kukhonjiswa njengama-isoline kuMfanekiso 7. Lesi sibalo sibonisa ukuthi kuzo zombili izimo, i-hydrogen iqala ukumuncwa kusuka ngezansi eduze nendawo yokungena ye-HTF.Ukugxila okuphezulu kutholwe esifundeni se-HTF, kuyilapho ukugxila okuphansi kubonwe maphakathi ne-MH reactor ngenxa yebanga layo ukusuka kusishintshi sokushisa.Ngemuva kwamasekhondi angu-10,000, ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrogen esimweni esingu-4 kuphakeme kakhulu kunesimo esingu-3. Ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-20,000, isilinganiso se-hydrogen esilinganisweni se-reactor sikhuphukele ku-90% esimweni esingu-4 uma kuqhathaniswa no-50% we-hydrogen esimweni esingu-3. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa kumthamo wokupholisa ophumelelayo ophezulu wokuhlanganisa ama-SCHE amabili, okuholela ekushiseni okuphansi ngaphakathi kongqimba lwe-MH.Ngenxa yalokho, ingcindezi yokulinganisa ingena ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo se-MG, okuholela ekumunceni ngokushesha kwe-hydrogen.
Ikesi 3 kanye Nekesi 4 Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinga lokushisa lombhede elimaphakathi nokugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen phakathi kokucushwa okubili kwesishintshi sokushisa.
Ukuqhathaniswa kokugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen ngemva kwama-500, 2000, 5000, 10000 kanye nama-20000 s ngemva kokuqala kwenqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen esimweni sesi-3 nesesi-4.
Ithebula lesi-5 lifingqa ubude besikhathi sokuthatha i-hydrogen kuzo zonke izimo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithebula libonisa nesikhathi sokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen, esivezwa njengephesenti.Leli phesenti libalwa ngokususelwe esikhathini sokumunca se-Case 1. Kuleli thebula, isikhathi sokumuncwa se-MH esebenzisa i-HCHE cishe amasekhondi angu-45,000 kuya kwangu-46,000, futhi isikhathi sokumunca okuhlanganisa i-SCHE cishe yimizuzu eyi-18,000 kuya kweziyi-19,000.Uma kuqhathaniswa neCase 1, isikhathi sokumuncwa Esimeni 2 kanye Nesesi-3 sehliswe ngo-1.6% kuphela no-2.7%, ngokulandelana.Uma usebenzisa i-SCHE esikhundleni se-HCHE, isikhathi sokumuncwa sehliswe kakhulu ukusuka ku-4 kuye kweyesi-6, sisuka ku-58% saya ku-61%.Kusobala ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-SCHE ku-reactor ye-MH kuthuthukisa kakhulu inqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen kanye nokusebenza kwe-MH reactor.Nakuba ukufakwa kwesishintshi sokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-reactor ye-MH kunciphisa umthamo wokugcina, lobu buchwepheshe bunikeza ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekudlulisweni kokushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe.Futhi, ukwehlisa inani le-pitch kuzonyusa ivolumu ye-SCHE, okuholela ekwehleni kwevolumu ye-MH.Esimeni esingu-6 esinevolumu ephezulu ye-SCHE, umthamo wevolumu we-MH wehliswe kuphela ngo-5% uma kuqhathaniswa necala 1 elinevolumu ephansi ye-HCHE.Ukwengeza, ngesikhathi sokumuncwa, icala lesi-6 libonise ukusebenza okusheshayo nangcono ngokuncishiswa kwe-61% esikhathini sokumunca.Ngakho-ke icala lesi-6 lakhethwa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nophenyo ekuhlaziyeni ukuzwela.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isikhathi eside sokuthatha i-hydrogen sihlotshaniswa nethangi lokugcina eliqukethe umthamo we-MH ongaba ngu-2000 cm3.
Imingcele yokusebenza ngesikhathi sokusabela yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta kahle noma kabi ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela.Lolu cwaningo lucubungula ukuhlaziywa kokuzwela ukuze kunqunywe amapharamitha afanelekile okuqala okusebenza kwe-MH reactor ngokuhambisana ne-SCHE, futhi lesi sigaba siphenya imingcele emine yokusebenza eyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekucushweni kwe-reactor okungcono kakhulu esimweni sesi-6. Imiphumela yazo zonke izimo zokusebenza iboniswa ku- Umdwebo 8.
Igrafu yokugxiliswa kwe-hydrogen ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene lapho usebenzisa isishintshi sokushisa esinekhoyili ewu-semi-cylindrical.(a) ukucindezela kokulayisha, (b) izinga lokushisa lokuqala lombhede, (c) inombolo ye-coolant Reynolds, kanye (d) nezinga lokushisa elipholile elingenisa umoya.
Ngokusekelwe ekushiseni okungaguquki kokuqala okungu-573 K kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza kokupholisa ngenombolo ye-Reynolds engu-14,000, izingcindezi zokulayisha ezine ezihlukene zakhethwa: 1.2 MPa, 1.8 MPa, 2.4 MPa, kanye ne-3.0 MPa.Emkhiwaneni.I-8a ibonisa umphumela wokulayisha ingcindezi kanye ne-SCHE ekugxilweni kwe-hydrogen ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Isikhathi sokumuncwa siyancipha ngokukhuphuka kwengcindezi yokulayisha.Ukusebenzisa umfutho we-hydrogen osetshenzisiwe we-1.2 MPa kuyisimo esibi kakhulu senqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen, futhi ubude bokumuncwa budlula ama-26,000 ukuze kuzuzwe ukumuncwa kwe-hydrogen okungu-90%.Kodwa-ke, ukucindezela okuphezulu kokulayisha kubangele ukwehla kwe-32-42% esikhathini sokumunca kusuka ku-1.8 kuya ku-3.0 MPa.Lokhu kungenxa yokucindezela kokuqala okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen, okuholela kumehluko omkhulu phakathi kwengcindezi yokulinganisa kanye nengcindezi esetshenzisiwe.Ngakho-ke, lokhu kudala amandla amakhulu okushayela i-hydrogen uptake kinetics.Esikhathini sokuqala, igesi ye-hydrogen imuncwa ngokushesha ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwengcindezi yokulinganisa kanye ne-pressure esetshenziswayo57.Ngengcindezi yokulayisha engu-3.0 MPa, i-hydrogen engu-18% inqwabelana ngokushesha phakathi nemizuzwana eyi-10 yokuqala.I-Hydrogen yagcinwa ku-90% we-reactors esigabeni sokugcina se-15460 s.Kodwa-ke, ekucindezelweni kokulayisha kwe-1.2 kuya ku-1.8 MPa, isikhathi sokumuncwa sancishiswa kakhulu ngo-32%.Okunye ukucindezela okuphezulu kube nomthelela omncane ekuthuthukiseni izikhathi zokumunca.Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ukucindezela kokulayisha kwe-reactor ye-MH-SCHE kube yi-1.8 MPa.Isigaba esingeziwe sibonisa amakhonco wokugxilisa i-hydrogen wezingcindezi ezihlukene zokulayisha ku-15500 s.
Ukukhethwa kwezinga lokushisa elifanele lokuqala le-reactor ye-MH kungenye yezinto eziyinhloko ezithinta inqubo ye-hydrogen adsorption, njengoba ithinta amandla okushayela okusabela kokwakheka kwe-hydride.Ukutadisha umphumela we-SCHE ekushiseni kokuqala kwe-reactor ye-MH, amazinga okushisa amane ahlukene akhethiwe ngokucindezela okuqhubekayo kokulayisha kwe-1.8 MPa kanye nenombolo ye-Reynolds engu-14,000 HTF.Emkhiwaneni.Umfanekiso 8b ubonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwamazinga okushisa okuqala ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa u-473K, 523K, 573K, kanye no-623K.Eqinisweni, lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-230°C noma 503K58, ingxubevange ye-Mg2Ni inezici ezisebenzayo zenqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen.Nokho, ngesikhathi sokuqala komjovo we-hydrogen, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokushesha.Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa le-MG layer lizodlula i-523 K. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwama-hydrides kulula ngenxa yokwanda kwesilinganiso sokumuncwa53.Kusukela emkhiwaneni.Kungabonakala ku-Fig. 8b ukuthi i-hydrogen imuncwa ngokushesha njengoba izinga lokushisa lokuqala longqimba lwe-MB lincipha.Izingcindezi zokulinganisa eziphansi zenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lokuqala liphansi.Uma umehluko omkhulu wengcindezi phakathi kwengcindezi yokulinganisa kanye nengcindezi esetshenziswayo, ishesha inqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen.Ekushiseni kokuqala okungu-473 K, i-hydrogen imunca ngokushesha ifike ku-27% phakathi nemizuzwana engu-18 yokuqala.Ukwengeza, isikhathi sokumunca sabuye sancishiswa sisuka ku-11% saya ku-24% ekushiseni okuphansi kokuqala uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokushisa lokuqala lika-623 K. Isikhathi sokumunca ekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu kokuqala kwe-473 K yi-15247 s, okufana nokungcono kakhulu. ukucindezela kokulayisha icala, nokho, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lokuqala le-reactor kuholela ekwehleni komthamo wokugcina we-hydrogen.Izinga lokushisa lokuqala le-reactor ye-MN kufanele okungenani libe ngu-503 K53.Ukwengeza, ekushiseni kokuqala kuka-573 K53, umthamo wokugcina we-hydrogen ongu-3.6 wt% ungafinyelelwa.Ngomthamo wokugcina i-hydrogen kanye nobude besikhathi sokumuncwa, amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-523 no-573 K afinyeza isikhathi ngo-6% kuphela.Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lika-573 K lihlongozwa njengokushisa kokuqala kwe-reactor ye-MH-SCHE.Nokho, umthelela wezinga lokushisa lokuqala enqubweni yokumuncwa wawungabaluleki kangako uma uqhathaniswa nokucindezela kokulayisha.Isigaba esengeziwe sikhombisa amakhonto wokugxilisa i-hydrogen kumazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene okuqala ku-15500 s.
Izinga lokugeleza lingenye yemingcele eyinhloko ye-hydrogenation kanye ne-dehydrogenation ngoba ingathinta isiphithiphithi nokususwa kokushisa noma okokufaka ngesikhathi se-hydrogenation ne-dehydrogenation59.Amazinga okugeleza aphezulu azodala izigaba ezinesiyaluyalu futhi aphumele ekugelezeni koketshezi ngokushesha ngeshubhu le-HTF.Lokhu kusabela kuzoholela ekudlulisweni kokushisa okusheshayo.Izilinganiso ezihlukene zokungena ze-HTF zibalwa ngokusekelwe ezinombolweni zika-Reynolds ezingu-10,000, 14,000, 18,000, kanye no-22,000.Ukushisa kokuqala kwesendlalelo se-MG kulungiswe ku-573 K kanye nokucindezela kokulayisha ku-1.8 MPa.Imiphumela ku fig.I-8c ibonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa inombolo ephezulu ye-Reynolds kuhlanganiswe ne-SCHE kubangela izinga eliphezulu lokuthatha.Njengoba inombolo ye-Reynolds ikhula isuka ku-10,000 iye ku-22,000, isikhathi sokumuncwa sincipha cishe ngo-28-50%.Isikhathi sokumuncwa enanini lama-Reynolds angu-22,000 amasekhondi angu-12,505, esingaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene okulayisha kanye nezingcindezi.Icontour ye-Hydrogen yezinombolo ze-Reynolds ehlukahlukene ze-GTP ku-12500 s zethulwa esigabeni sokungezelela.
Umthelela we-SCHE ekushiseni kokuqala kwe-HTF uyahlaziywa futhi uboniswe ku-Fig. 8d.Ekushiseni kwe-MG kokuqala okungu-573 K kanye nengcindezi yokulayisha i-hydrogen engu-1.8 MPa, amazinga okushisa amane okuqala akhethwa kulokhu kuhlaziywa: 373 K, 473 K, 523 K, no-573 K. 8d kubonisa ukuthi ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwesipholile. lapho kungena khona kuholela ekuncipheni kwesikhathi sokumunca.Uma kuqhathaniswa nekesi eliyisisekelo elinezinga lokushisa lokungena elingu-573 K, isikhathi sokumuncwa sehliswe cishe ngo-20%, 44% no-56% kumazinga okushisa okungenisa angu-523 K, 473 K no-373 K, ngokulandelana.Ku-6917 s, izinga lokushisa lokuqala le-GTF lingu-373 K, ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrogen ku-reactor kungu-90%.Lokhu kungachazwa ngokudluliswa kokushisa kwe-convective okuthuthukisiwe phakathi kongqimba lwe-MG ne-HCS.Amazinga okushisa e-HTF aphansi azokhuphula ukunqanyulwa kokushisa futhi aphumele ekwenyukeni kokuthathwa kwe-hydrogen.Phakathi kwayo yonke imingcele yokusebenza, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-MH-SCHE ngokukhuphula izinga lokushisa lokungena kwe-HTF kwakuyindlela efanelekile kakhulu, njengoba isikhathi sokuphela senqubo yokumuncwa sasingaphansi kwama-7000 s, kuyilapho isikhathi esifushane sokumuncwa kwezinye izindlela sasingaphezulu. ngaphezu kuka-10000 s.I-contours ye-Hydrogen yethulwa kumazinga okushisa okuqala ahlukahlukene e-GTP amasekhondi angu-7000.
Lolu cwaningo lwethula okokuqala ngqa isishintshi sokushisa se-semi-cylindrical coil esihlanganiswe neyunithi yokugcina i-hydride yensimbi.Ikhono lesistimu ehlongozwayo lokumunca i-hydrogen laphenywa ngokuhlelwa okuhlukahlukene kwesishintshi sokushisa.Umthelela wamapharamitha okusebenza ekushintshisaneni kokushisa phakathi kwesendlalelo se-hydride yensimbi nesipholile uye waphenywa ukuze kutholwe izimo ezilungile zokugcina ama-hydride ensimbi kusetshenziswa isishintshi sokushisa esisha.Okutholakele okuyinhloko kwalolu cwaningo kufinyezwa kanje:
Nge-semi-cylindrical heat coil exchanger, ukusebenza kokudlulisa ukushisa kuyathuthukiswa ngoba kunokusabalalisa ukushisa okufanayo kureactor yongqimba lwe-magnesium, okuholela esilinganisweni esingcono sokumunca i-hydrogen.Kuncike ekutheni ivolumu yeshubhu lokushintshanisa ukushisa ne-hydride yensimbi ihlala ingashintshile, isikhathi sokusabela sokumuncwa sincishiswa kakhulu ngo-59% uma siqhathaniswa nesishintshi sokushisa sekhoyili esongile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-15-2023